Orestes Castillo-Hernández , David A. Quintanar Gago , Pamela F. Nelson
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Additionally, the role of system unavailability due to maintenance activities and reliability issues related to unplanned component failures (e.g., random failures, common cause failures) in the optimization problem is analyzed. The various proposed optimization methods are implemented in the design of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Evolutionary algorithms are used as optimization methods, with Genetic Algorithms for single-objective problems and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III) for multi-objective problems. The main finding suggests that traditional models, which aim to minimize costs and unavailability, face challenges in adapting to the systems unavailability target. Therefore, optimization occurs by shifting the focus towards minimizing costs and distance to the unavailability target. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
由于核电站的技术复杂性及其设计中涉及的大量组件,在优化模型中平衡核安全、可用性能和成本的目标空间变得极为广阔。因此,这给在核电站层面实现运行优化带来了挑战,使确保符合监管要求变得更加复杂。一种解决方案是对问题进行分割,在系统层面进行分析,以缩小目标空间。在这项工作中,对不同的方案进行了分析,以优化系统的成本和不可用性,为实现之前提出的不可用性目标提供手段。这可确保许可基础事件 (LBE) 符合风险目标和监管标准。此外,还分析了维护活动导致的系统不可用性以及与计划外组件故障(如随机故障、常见故障)相关的可靠性问题在优化问题中的作用。在压水堆(PWR)系统的设计中采用了所提出的各种优化方法。进化算法被用作优化方法,其中遗传算法用于单目标问题,非支配排序遗传算法 III (NSGA-III) 用于多目标问题。主要研究结果表明,旨在最大限度降低成本和不可用性的传统模式在适应系统不可用性目标方面面临挑战。因此,优化的重点应转向成本最小化和与不可用目标的距离最小化。这种方法可确保结果与不可用性目标密切吻合,从而提高运行和维护成本的效率,同时确保设计和运行符合可接受的法规要求。
Risk-informed design: An unavailability allocation approach
Due to the technological complexity of nuclear power plants and the large number of components involved in their design, the objective space for balancing nuclear safety, availability performance, and cost in an optimization model becomes extremely vast. Consequently, this poses challenges in achieving operational optimization at the plant level, complicating the assurance of compliance with regulatory requirements. One solution is to partition the problem and analyze it at a system level to reduce the objective space. In this work, different options are analyzed to optimize cost and unavailability for systems that provide the means for meeting previously proposed unavailability targets. This ensures that licensing basis events (LBE) comply with risk targets and regulatory criteria. Additionally, the role of system unavailability due to maintenance activities and reliability issues related to unplanned component failures (e.g., random failures, common cause failures) in the optimization problem is analyzed. The various proposed optimization methods are implemented in the design of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Evolutionary algorithms are used as optimization methods, with Genetic Algorithms for single-objective problems and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III) for multi-objective problems. The main finding suggests that traditional models, which aim to minimize costs and unavailability, face challenges in adapting to the systems unavailability target. Therefore, optimization occurs by shifting the focus towards minimizing costs and distance to the unavailability target. This approach ensures that the results closely align with the unavailability target, thereby creating more efficiency in operating and maintenance costs while also ensuring acceptable design and operational regulatory compliance.
期刊介绍:
Nuclear Engineering and Design covers the wide range of disciplines involved in the engineering, design, safety and construction of nuclear fission reactors. The Editors welcome papers both on applied and innovative aspects and developments in nuclear science and technology.
Fundamentals of Reactor Design include:
• Thermal-Hydraulics and Core Physics
• Safety Analysis, Risk Assessment (PSA)
• Structural and Mechanical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Fuel Behavior and Design
• Structural Plant Design
• Engineering of Reactor Components
• Experiments
Aspects beyond fundamentals of Reactor Design covered:
• Accident Mitigation Measures
• Reactor Control Systems
• Licensing Issues
• Safeguard Engineering
• Economy of Plants
• Reprocessing / Waste Disposal
• Applications of Nuclear Energy
• Maintenance
• Decommissioning
Papers on new reactor ideas and developments (Generation IV reactors) such as inherently safe modular HTRs, High Performance LWRs/HWRs and LMFBs/GFR will be considered; Actinide Burners, Accelerator Driven Systems, Energy Amplifiers and other special designs of power and research reactors and their applications are also encouraged.