Understanding Halal pharmaceuticals: Views from outpatients in a Malaysian state hospital.

Introduction: Halal pharmaceuticals are paramount in healthcare settings catering to Muslim patients. The COVID- 19 pandemic ignited discussions on the Halal status of pharmaceuticals, especially vaccines. This study aims to explore the understanding and views of hospital outpatients regarding Halal pharmaceuticals.

Materials and methods: A qualitative study by in-depth interviews was undertaken among adult Muslim outpatients. Utilising a semi-structured interview guide in Malay, content reliability of the guide was ensured through expert reviews. Potential participants were approached in the outpatient pharmacy waiting area. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. These Malay transcripts were translated into English and subjected to thematic content analysis.

Results: Data saturation was achieved through interviewing ten outpatients. The findings indicated that patients were vigilant in checking labels to confirm the correctness of their medications. Yet, the terms 'Halal pharmaceuticals' and 'Shariah-compliant hospital' were unfamiliar to all and did not evoke curiosity. The respondents expressed trust in the government's commitment to dispense safe and Halalcertified drugs. The majority of the participants did not consider Halal status as a primary factor when selecting medications. Nevertheless given a choice, many voiced a preference for Halal-certified drugs, irrespective of their cost or efficacy. For life-threatening situations, participants were willing to accept non-Halal treatments.

Conclusion: Despite non-familiarity, the general sentiment towards Halal pharmaceuticals remain positive. This study underscores the need for enhanced education and awareness regarding Halal pharmaceuticals for better align healthcare practices with the cultural and religious values of Muslim patients.