Michael C Meyers, James C Sterling, Shad K Robinson
{"title":"人工草皮与天然草皮上与表面有关的大学生足球受伤后的成像和手术程序:15 个赛季中的流行率和趋势。","authors":"Michael C Meyers, James C Sterling, Shad K Robinson","doi":"10.1177/23259671241274144","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few longitudinal studies exist comparing medical procedures after football injuries on artificial and natural grass surfaces.</p><p><strong>Purpose/hypothesis: </strong>The purpose of this study was to specifically compare imaging and surgical procedures after surface-related collegiate football injuries on artificial turf versus natural grass. It was hypothesized that there would be no difference in the incidence of imaging and surgical procedures, combined medical procedures, or combined substantial and severe injuries over time between these surfaces.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 39 universities across all Football Bowl Subdivision conferences were evaluated over 15 seasons (2006-2020). Playing surfaces evaluated were either a heavyweight artificial turf infill system (≥9.0 lb infill/ft<sup>2</sup>) or natural grass. Outcomes of interest included medical procedures across injury category, primary injury type, injury location, and specific procedures. Data involved multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) and Wilks λ criteria using general linear model procedures and were expressed as medical procedure incidence rates (IRs) per 10-game season.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 2224 games were documented: 1106 (49.7%) on artificial turf and 1118 (50.3%) on natural grass. Of the 9137 total injuries reported, 4010 (44%) were surface-related cases. MANOVA indicated significant main effects between surfaces according to imaging procedure (<i>F</i> <sub>2,1738</sub> = 4.718; <i>P</i> = .009), surgical procedure (<i>F</i> <sub>1,539</sub> = 5.974; <i>P</i> = .003), and medical diagnosis (<i>F</i> <sub>2,456</sub> = 2.643; <i>P</i> = .040). Post hoc analyses indicated significantly lower (<i>P</i> < .05) incidences on artificial turf versus natural grass, respectively, for the following outcomes: imaging procedures ordered after player-to-surface impact trauma (IR [95% CI], 1.5 [1.3-1.8] vs 2.1 [1.9-2.4]), shoe-to-surface trauma during physical contact (4.4 [4.1-4.7] vs 5.2 [4.9-5.5]), foot injuries (0.6 [0.5-0.7] vs 1.1 [0.9-1.2]), ligament sprains/tears (4.6 [4.3-4.9] vs 5.3 [5.0-5.6]), muscle strains/tears (0.2 [0.2-0.3] vs 0.7 [0.6-0.9]), surgeries performed after shoe-to-surface trauma during physical contact (1.1 [0.9-1.3] vs 1.6 [1.4-1.8]), lower body surgeries (1.8 [1.6-2.0] vs 2.3 [2.1-2.6]), and surgeries involving ligament tears (1.0 [0.9-1.2] vs 1.5 [1.3-1.7]), as well as fewer diagnoses of syndesmosis sprains/tears (0.7 [0.5-0.8] vs 1.0 [0.8-1.2]) and Lisfranc trauma (0.3 [0.2-0.4] vs 0.5 [0.4-0.7]). Trends over the 15 seasons indicated a significant rise in combined medical procedures (<i>P</i> = .005) and combined substantial and severe injuries (<i>P</i> = .0007) irrespective of surface.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results indicated that collegiate football competition on heavyweight artificial turf resulted in lower incidences of imaging and surgical procedures and medical diagnoses compared with natural grass.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11428175/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Imaging and Surgical Procedures After Surface-Related Collegiate Football Injuries on Artificial Turf Versus Natural Grass: Prevalence and Trends Over 15 Seasons.\",\"authors\":\"Michael C Meyers, James C Sterling, Shad K Robinson\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/23259671241274144\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few longitudinal studies exist comparing medical procedures after football injuries on artificial and natural grass surfaces.</p><p><strong>Purpose/hypothesis: </strong>The purpose of this study was to specifically compare imaging and surgical procedures after surface-related collegiate football injuries on artificial turf versus natural grass. It was hypothesized that there would be no difference in the incidence of imaging and surgical procedures, combined medical procedures, or combined substantial and severe injuries over time between these surfaces.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 39 universities across all Football Bowl Subdivision conferences were evaluated over 15 seasons (2006-2020). Playing surfaces evaluated were either a heavyweight artificial turf infill system (≥9.0 lb infill/ft<sup>2</sup>) or natural grass. Outcomes of interest included medical procedures across injury category, primary injury type, injury location, and specific procedures. Data involved multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) and Wilks λ criteria using general linear model procedures and were expressed as medical procedure incidence rates (IRs) per 10-game season.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 2224 games were documented: 1106 (49.7%) on artificial turf and 1118 (50.3%) on natural grass. Of the 9137 total injuries reported, 4010 (44%) were surface-related cases. MANOVA indicated significant main effects between surfaces according to imaging procedure (<i>F</i> <sub>2,1738</sub> = 4.718; <i>P</i> = .009), surgical procedure (<i>F</i> <sub>1,539</sub> = 5.974; <i>P</i> = .003), and medical diagnosis (<i>F</i> <sub>2,456</sub> = 2.643; <i>P</i> = .040). Post hoc analyses indicated significantly lower (<i>P</i> < .05) incidences on artificial turf versus natural grass, respectively, for the following outcomes: imaging procedures ordered after player-to-surface impact trauma (IR [95% CI], 1.5 [1.3-1.8] vs 2.1 [1.9-2.4]), shoe-to-surface trauma during physical contact (4.4 [4.1-4.7] vs 5.2 [4.9-5.5]), foot injuries (0.6 [0.5-0.7] vs 1.1 [0.9-1.2]), ligament sprains/tears (4.6 [4.3-4.9] vs 5.3 [5.0-5.6]), muscle strains/tears (0.2 [0.2-0.3] vs 0.7 [0.6-0.9]), surgeries performed after shoe-to-surface trauma during physical contact (1.1 [0.9-1.3] vs 1.6 [1.4-1.8]), lower body surgeries (1.8 [1.6-2.0] vs 2.3 [2.1-2.6]), and surgeries involving ligament tears (1.0 [0.9-1.2] vs 1.5 [1.3-1.7]), as well as fewer diagnoses of syndesmosis sprains/tears (0.7 [0.5-0.8] vs 1.0 [0.8-1.2]) and Lisfranc trauma (0.3 [0.2-0.4] vs 0.5 [0.4-0.7]). Trends over the 15 seasons indicated a significant rise in combined medical procedures (<i>P</i> = .005) and combined substantial and severe injuries (<i>P</i> = .0007) irrespective of surface.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results indicated that collegiate football competition on heavyweight artificial turf resulted in lower incidences of imaging and surgical procedures and medical diagnoses compared with natural grass.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19646,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11428175/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671241274144\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/9/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ORTHOPEDICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671241274144","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/9/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ORTHOPEDICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景:很少有纵向研究对人工草坪和天然草坪上足球受伤后的医疗程序进行比较:本研究的目的是专门比较人工草坪和天然草坪上与表面相关的大学生足球受伤后的成像和手术治疗。研究假设:随着时间的推移,这两种场地的造影和手术、综合医疗程序或综合实质性和严重伤害的发生率没有差异:研究设计:队列研究;证据等级,2:方法:在 15 个赛季(2006-2020 年)中,对所有橄榄球杯细分联盟的 39 所大学进行了评估。所评估的比赛场地为重型人造草皮填充系统(≥9.0 磅/平方英尺)或天然草坪。相关结果包括不同受伤类别的医疗程序、主要受伤类型、受伤位置和具体程序。数据采用一般线性模型程序进行多变量方差分析(MANOVA)和 Wilks λ 标准,并以每 10 场比赛的医疗程序发生率(IRs)表示:总共记录了 2224 场比赛:1106 场(49.7%)在人造草皮上进行,1118 场(50.3%)在天然草皮上进行。在报告的 9137 例受伤中,有 4010 例(44%)与场地有关。MANOVA表明,根据成像程序(F 21738 = 4.718; P = .009)、手术程序(F 1539 = 5.974; P = .003)和医疗诊断(F 2456 = 2.643; P = .040),不同场地之间存在明显的主效应。事后分析表明,人工草皮与天然草皮在以下结果上的发生率分别明显低于天然草皮(P < .05):球员与地面撞击创伤后要求进行的成像程序(IR [95% CI], 1.5 [1.3-1.8] vs 2.1 [1.9-2.4])、身体接触时鞋与地面的创伤(4.4 [4.1-4.7] vs 5.2 [4.9-5.5])、足部损伤(0.6 [0.5-0.7] vs 1.1 [0.9-1.2])、韧带扭伤/撕裂(4.6 [4.3-4.9] vs 5.3 [5.0-5.6])、肌肉拉伤/撕裂(0.2 [0.2-0.3] vs 0.7 [0.6-0.9])、在身体接触过程中因鞋面创伤而进行的手术(1.1 [0.9-1.3] vs 1.6 [1.4-1.8])、下半身手术(1.8 [1.6-2.0] vs 2.3 [2.1-2.6])和涉及韧带撕裂的手术(1.0 [0.9-1.2] vs 1.5 [1.3-1.7]),以及较少的巩膜扭伤/撕裂(0.7 [0.5-0.8] vs 1.0 [0.8-1.2])和 Lisfranc 创伤(0.3 [0.2-0.4] vs 0.5 [0.4-0.7])诊断。15 个赛季的趋势表明,无论表面如何,合并医疗程序(P = .005)以及合并实质性和严重性损伤(P = .0007)的情况都显著增加:结果表明,与天然草坪相比,在重量级人工草坪上进行的大学足球比赛导致造影、外科手术和医疗诊断的发生率较低。
Imaging and Surgical Procedures After Surface-Related Collegiate Football Injuries on Artificial Turf Versus Natural Grass: Prevalence and Trends Over 15 Seasons.
Background: Few longitudinal studies exist comparing medical procedures after football injuries on artificial and natural grass surfaces.
Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to specifically compare imaging and surgical procedures after surface-related collegiate football injuries on artificial turf versus natural grass. It was hypothesized that there would be no difference in the incidence of imaging and surgical procedures, combined medical procedures, or combined substantial and severe injuries over time between these surfaces.
Study design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods: A total of 39 universities across all Football Bowl Subdivision conferences were evaluated over 15 seasons (2006-2020). Playing surfaces evaluated were either a heavyweight artificial turf infill system (≥9.0 lb infill/ft2) or natural grass. Outcomes of interest included medical procedures across injury category, primary injury type, injury location, and specific procedures. Data involved multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) and Wilks λ criteria using general linear model procedures and were expressed as medical procedure incidence rates (IRs) per 10-game season.
Results: Overall, 2224 games were documented: 1106 (49.7%) on artificial turf and 1118 (50.3%) on natural grass. Of the 9137 total injuries reported, 4010 (44%) were surface-related cases. MANOVA indicated significant main effects between surfaces according to imaging procedure (F2,1738 = 4.718; P = .009), surgical procedure (F1,539 = 5.974; P = .003), and medical diagnosis (F2,456 = 2.643; P = .040). Post hoc analyses indicated significantly lower (P < .05) incidences on artificial turf versus natural grass, respectively, for the following outcomes: imaging procedures ordered after player-to-surface impact trauma (IR [95% CI], 1.5 [1.3-1.8] vs 2.1 [1.9-2.4]), shoe-to-surface trauma during physical contact (4.4 [4.1-4.7] vs 5.2 [4.9-5.5]), foot injuries (0.6 [0.5-0.7] vs 1.1 [0.9-1.2]), ligament sprains/tears (4.6 [4.3-4.9] vs 5.3 [5.0-5.6]), muscle strains/tears (0.2 [0.2-0.3] vs 0.7 [0.6-0.9]), surgeries performed after shoe-to-surface trauma during physical contact (1.1 [0.9-1.3] vs 1.6 [1.4-1.8]), lower body surgeries (1.8 [1.6-2.0] vs 2.3 [2.1-2.6]), and surgeries involving ligament tears (1.0 [0.9-1.2] vs 1.5 [1.3-1.7]), as well as fewer diagnoses of syndesmosis sprains/tears (0.7 [0.5-0.8] vs 1.0 [0.8-1.2]) and Lisfranc trauma (0.3 [0.2-0.4] vs 0.5 [0.4-0.7]). Trends over the 15 seasons indicated a significant rise in combined medical procedures (P = .005) and combined substantial and severe injuries (P = .0007) irrespective of surface.
Conclusion: Results indicated that collegiate football competition on heavyweight artificial turf resulted in lower incidences of imaging and surgical procedures and medical diagnoses compared with natural grass.
期刊介绍:
The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine (OJSM), developed by the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), is a global, peer-reviewed, open access journal that combines the interests of researchers and clinical practitioners across orthopaedic sports medicine, arthroscopy, and knee arthroplasty.
Topics include original research in the areas of:
-Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, including surgical and nonsurgical treatment of orthopaedic sports injuries
-Arthroscopic Surgery (Shoulder/Elbow/Wrist/Hip/Knee/Ankle/Foot)
-Relevant translational research
-Sports traumatology/epidemiology
-Knee and shoulder arthroplasty
The OJSM also publishes relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).