对生态系统服务估值的误解

IF 6.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Robert Costanza
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引用次数: 0

摘要

生态系统服务的概念--人类从正常运作的生态系统中获得的益处--至少已有 40 年的历史。试图用货币和其他单位对这些服务进行估值的尝试也同样存在了很长时间。然而,对于生态系统服务,尤其是以货币单位对这些服务进行估值,人们产生了一些误解,这些误解对进一步的对话、研究和解决方案产生了反作用。本文试图解决其中的一些误解,包括说明(1) 生态系统服务不是一个以人类为中心的概念;(2) 经济学不仅仅是市场;(3) 估值不是商品化或私有化;(4) 用货币单位表达相对价值不一定是 "基于市场的";(5) 在一个权衡的世界中,是否进行估值不是一个选择,因为它是隐含的;(6) "内在价值 "是关于权利的,而不是相对估值;(7) 相对估值和基于权利的方法是互补的,而不是相互排斥的。我将逐一讨论这些误解,最后呼吁就这些重要问题开展建设性对话,而不是继续进行建立在基本误解基础上的无益辩论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Misconceptions about the valuation of ecosystem services
The concept of ecosystem services – the benefits humans derive from functioning ecosystems – has been around for at least 4 decades. Attempts to value those services in monetary and other units have been around for just as long. However, several misconceptions have sprung up about ecosystem services, and especially the valuation of those services in monetary units, that are counterproductive to further dialogue, research, and solutions. This paper attempts to address some of those misconceptions, including showing that: (1) ecosystem services is not an anthropocentric concept; (2) economics is not only the market; (3) valuation is not commodification or privatization; (4) expressing relative values in monetary units is not necessarily ‘market-based’; (5) in a world of trade-offs, whether to perform a valuation is not a choice since it happens implicitly; (6) ‘intrinsic values’ are about rights, not relative valuation; and (7) relative valuation and rights-based approaches are complimentary not mutually exclusive. I address each of these misconceptions in turn and end with a plea for constructive dialogue on these important issues, not continuing unproductive debate founded on fundamental misconceptions.
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来源期刊
Ecosystem Services
Ecosystem Services ECOLOGYENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES&-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CiteScore
14.90
自引率
7.90%
发文量
109
期刊介绍: Ecosystem Services is an international, interdisciplinary journal that is associated with the Ecosystem Services Partnership (ESP). The journal is dedicated to exploring the science, policy, and practice related to ecosystem services, which are the various ways in which ecosystems contribute to human well-being, both directly and indirectly. Ecosystem Services contributes to the broader goal of ensuring that the benefits of ecosystems are recognized, valued, and sustainably managed for the well-being of current and future generations. The journal serves as a platform for scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders to share their findings and insights, fostering collaboration and innovation in the field of ecosystem services.
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