Development and validation of a multiple-choice test for sustainability competence in primary school using the GreenComp framework

There is no standardized definition or measurement tool for sustainability competence, which hinders comparative research. This study addresses this gap by developing a new test based on the European reference framework GreenComp. The proposed instrument, consisting of eleven multiple-choice items, was validated through expert review and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, showing strong construct validity and high internal consistency reliability. Applied to students aged 8 to 12, it revealed a prevalence of basic and anthropocentric perspectives on sustainability. This promising tool can assess sustainability competence in primary education and has the potential for use across European countries.