Enhancing Wireless Sensor Network lifetime through hierarchical chain-based routing and horizontal network partitioning techniques

The efficient use of energy is a critical aspect in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to prolong the network's lifespan. Investigating routing in WSNs requires considering the effective establishment of chains or clustering methods to optimize the network. The proposed routing technique aims to enhance sensor longevity through different network partitioning methods. The strategy employs the PEGASIS (Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems) protocol, which uses Prim's Algorithm to adjust the chain structure and is based on hierarchical chain-based routing. To transmit data from working nodes to the base station (BS), horizontal network partitioning techniques called EEPEG-PA-H and EEPEG-PA-V are utilized. The transition occurs when a node's remaining energy is low. This method has the potential to significantly increase the average network lifespan compared to existing routing methods. For example, EEPEG-PA-H improves longevity by 22.7763 % compared to PEGASIS and by 1.259 % compared to EEPEG-PA across various network sizes using senor.