{"title":"中国上海基于污水的肠道原生动物监测。","authors":"Yanyan Jiang, Zhongying Yuan, Yaxue Wang, Jing Zhang, Yujuan Shen, Jianping Cao","doi":"10.1128/spectrum.04032-23","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal protozoa <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., <i>Giardia duodenalis</i>, and <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> have been implicated in serious waterborne outbreaks worldwide. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a promising approach for evaluating the disease prevalence in a catchment population in that it monitors the contamination level of the intestinal pathogens in wastewater. We collected 48 urban wastewater samples (24 from influents and 24 from effluents) from the Yangpu Wastewater Treatment Plant (YPWTP) in Shanghai, China. We identified <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., <i>G. duodenalis</i>, and <i>E. bieneusi</i> by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i> and subtype IdA14 were identified in two samples by analyzing the sequences of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and 60-kDa glycoprotein (<i>gp60</i>) genes, respectively. The <i>G. duodenalis</i> sub-assemblage AII (<i>n</i> = 8) and assemblage C (<i>n</i> = 4) in 12 samples were determined by analyzing triosephosphate isomerase (<i>tpi</i>) gene sequences. The <i>E. bieneusi</i> genotype A was identified in one sample by analyzing the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. These findings suggest that improving wastewater treatment and monitoring the virility of pathogens in effluents is critical. We observed similar prevalence and genotypes/subtypes of the three intestinal protozoa in our wastewater samples as those reported in previous studies, providing evidence that WBE can be used as an effective epidemic management tool.IMPORTANCE<i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., <i>Giardia duodenalis,</i> and <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> are common intestinal protozoa causing diarrhea. The infective oocysts, cysts, and spores released in feces can survive in different environments, including multiple types of water bodies. Humans can acquire these intestinal protozoan infections <i>via</i> the fecal-oral route as in waterborne transmission. Wastewater-based epidemiology can rapidly and reliably detect and monitor the emergence and spread of waterborne diseases. We detected <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., <i>G. duodenalis,</i> and <i>E. bieneusi</i> in a wastewater treatment plant in Shanghai, China, reflecting the occurrence and genetic characterizations of the three intestinal pathogens from community members served by the wastewater treatment plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":18670,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology spectrum","volume":" ","pages":"e0403223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540151/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Wastewater-based intestinal protozoa monitoring in Shanghai, China.\",\"authors\":\"Yanyan Jiang, Zhongying Yuan, Yaxue Wang, Jing Zhang, Yujuan Shen, Jianping Cao\",\"doi\":\"10.1128/spectrum.04032-23\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Intestinal protozoa <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., <i>Giardia duodenalis</i>, and <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> have been implicated in serious waterborne outbreaks worldwide. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a promising approach for evaluating the disease prevalence in a catchment population in that it monitors the contamination level of the intestinal pathogens in wastewater. We collected 48 urban wastewater samples (24 from influents and 24 from effluents) from the Yangpu Wastewater Treatment Plant (YPWTP) in Shanghai, China. We identified <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., <i>G. duodenalis</i>, and <i>E. bieneusi</i> by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i> and subtype IdA14 were identified in two samples by analyzing the sequences of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and 60-kDa glycoprotein (<i>gp60</i>) genes, respectively. The <i>G. duodenalis</i> sub-assemblage AII (<i>n</i> = 8) and assemblage C (<i>n</i> = 4) in 12 samples were determined by analyzing triosephosphate isomerase (<i>tpi</i>) gene sequences. The <i>E. bieneusi</i> genotype A was identified in one sample by analyzing the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. These findings suggest that improving wastewater treatment and monitoring the virility of pathogens in effluents is critical. We observed similar prevalence and genotypes/subtypes of the three intestinal protozoa in our wastewater samples as those reported in previous studies, providing evidence that WBE can be used as an effective epidemic management tool.IMPORTANCE<i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., <i>Giardia duodenalis,</i> and <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> are common intestinal protozoa causing diarrhea. The infective oocysts, cysts, and spores released in feces can survive in different environments, including multiple types of water bodies. Humans can acquire these intestinal protozoan infections <i>via</i> the fecal-oral route as in waterborne transmission. Wastewater-based epidemiology can rapidly and reliably detect and monitor the emergence and spread of waterborne diseases. We detected <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., <i>G. duodenalis,</i> and <i>E. bieneusi</i> in a wastewater treatment plant in Shanghai, China, reflecting the occurrence and genetic characterizations of the three intestinal pathogens from community members served by the wastewater treatment plant.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18670,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Microbiology spectrum\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"e0403223\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540151/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Microbiology spectrum\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.04032-23\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/9/24 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MICROBIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Microbiology spectrum","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.04032-23","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/9/24 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Wastewater-based intestinal protozoa monitoring in Shanghai, China.
Intestinal protozoa Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi have been implicated in serious waterborne outbreaks worldwide. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a promising approach for evaluating the disease prevalence in a catchment population in that it monitors the contamination level of the intestinal pathogens in wastewater. We collected 48 urban wastewater samples (24 from influents and 24 from effluents) from the Yangpu Wastewater Treatment Plant (YPWTP) in Shanghai, China. We identified Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Cryptosporidium hominis and subtype IdA14 were identified in two samples by analyzing the sequences of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes, respectively. The G. duodenalis sub-assemblage AII (n = 8) and assemblage C (n = 4) in 12 samples were determined by analyzing triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene sequences. The E. bieneusi genotype A was identified in one sample by analyzing the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. These findings suggest that improving wastewater treatment and monitoring the virility of pathogens in effluents is critical. We observed similar prevalence and genotypes/subtypes of the three intestinal protozoa in our wastewater samples as those reported in previous studies, providing evidence that WBE can be used as an effective epidemic management tool.IMPORTANCECryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are common intestinal protozoa causing diarrhea. The infective oocysts, cysts, and spores released in feces can survive in different environments, including multiple types of water bodies. Humans can acquire these intestinal protozoan infections via the fecal-oral route as in waterborne transmission. Wastewater-based epidemiology can rapidly and reliably detect and monitor the emergence and spread of waterborne diseases. We detected Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi in a wastewater treatment plant in Shanghai, China, reflecting the occurrence and genetic characterizations of the three intestinal pathogens from community members served by the wastewater treatment plant.
期刊介绍:
Microbiology Spectrum publishes commissioned review articles on topics in microbiology representing ten content areas: Archaea; Food Microbiology; Bacterial Genetics, Cell Biology, and Physiology; Clinical Microbiology; Environmental Microbiology and Ecology; Eukaryotic Microbes; Genomics, Computational, and Synthetic Microbiology; Immunology; Pathogenesis; and Virology. Reviews are interrelated, with each review linking to other related content. A large board of Microbiology Spectrum editors aids in the development of topics for potential reviews and in the identification of an editor, or editors, who shepherd each collection.