酪氨酸酶的结构特征和人类酶的最新情况。

Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Enzymes Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-06 DOI:10.1016/bs.enz.2024.06.004
Luigi Franklin Di Costanzo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

酪氨酸酶是黑色素生物合成过程中的一种关键酶,它协调着人类的色素沉着过程,影响着皮肤、头发和眼睛的颜色。本章研究了各种来源的酪氨酸酶的三维结构和功能方面,强调了它们对催化活性至关重要的二金属离子配位。我探讨了酪氨酸酶催化的生化途径,特别是将 L-酪氨酸氧化为 L-多巴醌(黑色素合成的前体)的过程。详细的结构分析(包括从 X 射线晶体学和计算建模中获得的三维结构)揭示了酶的活性位点、酪氨酸酶之间的差异以及底物结合机制等关键信息。此外,本章还研究了人类酪氨酸酶变体及其抑制剂的作用,这对开发针对色素沉着疾病的治疗和美容应用至关重要。酪氨酸酶抑制剂复合物的结构特征为设计有效的抑制剂奠定了基础,曲酸、L-含羞草苷和 (S)-3- 氨基酪氨酸等化合物具有显著的抑制潜力。该书对酪氨酸酶的结构、功能和抑制机制进行了全面研究,为生物技术、健康和其他领域的创新治疗提供了途径。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Structural characterization of tyrosinases and an update on human enzymes.

Tyrosinase, a pivotal enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, orchestrates the pigmentation process in humans, affecting skin, hair, and eye color. This chapter examines the three-dimensional structure and functional aspects of tyrosinases from various sources, highlighting their di-metal ion coordination crucial for catalytic activity. I explore the biochemical pathwayscheme catalyzed by tyrosinase, specifically the oxidation of L-tyrosine to L-dopaquinone, a precursor in melanin synthesis. Detailed structural analyses, including 3D structures obtained from X-ray crystallography and computational modeling, reveal key insights into the enzyme's active site, variations among tyrosinases, and substrate binding mechanisms. Furthermore, the chapter investigates the role of human tyrosinase variants, their inhibitors, essential for developing therapeutic and cosmetic applications targeting hyperpigmentation disorders. Structural characterizations of tyrosinase-inhibitor complexes provide a foundation for designing effective inhibitors, with compounds like kojic acid, L-mimosine, and (S)-3-amino-tyrosine demonstrating significant inhibitory potential. This comprehensive examination of the structure, function, and inhibition mechanisms of tyrosinase offers avenues for innovative treatments in biotechnology, health, and beyond.

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来源期刊
Enzymes
Enzymes Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
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