Susanna D. Mitro PhD , Rajeshwari Sundaram PhD , Sonia M. Grandi PhD , Stefanie N. Hinkle PhD , James L. Mills MD , Pauline Mendola PhD , Sunni L. Mumford PhD , Yan Qiao MPH , Anokhi Cifuentes MPH , Cuilin Zhang MD, PhD , Enrique F. Schisterman PhD , Katherine L. Grantz MD, MS
{"title":"剖腹产、产程和 50 年随访期间母亲的死亡风险:剖腹产和产妇死亡率。","authors":"Susanna D. Mitro PhD , Rajeshwari Sundaram PhD , Sonia M. Grandi PhD , Stefanie N. Hinkle PhD , James L. Mills MD , Pauline Mendola PhD , Sunni L. Mumford PhD , Yan Qiao MPH , Anokhi Cifuentes MPH , Cuilin Zhang MD, PhD , Enrique F. Schisterman PhD , Katherine L. Grantz MD, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101498","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pregnancy complications have been recognized as a window to future health. Though cesarean delivery is common, it is unknown whether labor duration and mode of delivery are associated with maternal long-term mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine whether labor duration and mode of delivery were associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Participants were mothers from the multisite Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) cohort (1959–1966; <em>n</em>=43,646, limited to last CPP delivery). We ascertained all-cause and specific causes of death as of 2016 via linkage to the National Death Index and Social Security Death Master File. Hazard ratios (HR) testing mode of delivery and labor duration were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics. We further stratified analyses by parity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among participants with a recorded delivery mode, 5.9% (2486/42,335) had a cesarean delivery. Participants who had a cesarean were older (26.9 vs 24.3 years), with higher body mass index (24.0 vs 22.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), were less likely to be nulliparous (21% vs 30%), and more likely to have a household income of at least $6000 (22% vs 17%), to smoke ≥1 pack/d (18% vs 15%), to have diabetes mellitus (12% vs 1%) and to have a prior medical condition (47% vs 34%), compared to participants with a vaginal delivery. Delivery mode was similar by race/ethnicity, marital status, and education. Median labor duration was 395 minutes among participants who had an intrapartum cesarean delivery and 350 minutes among participants delivered vaginally. By 2016, 52.2% of participants with a cesarean delivery and 38.5% of participants with a vaginal delivery had died. Cesarean vs vaginal delivery was significantly associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality (HR=1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09, 1.23); in nulliparas, HR=1.27 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.47); in multiparas, HR=1.13 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.21) as well as increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease, infection, and kidney disease. Associations with death from cardiovascular disease, infection, and kidney disease were stronger for multiparas than nulliparas, though the association with death from diabetes was stronger among nulliparas. Labor duration was not significantly related to overall mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In a historic United States cohort with a low cesarean delivery rate, cesarean delivery was an indicator for subsequent increased mortality risk, particularly related to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Future studies with long-term follow-up are warranted given the current high prevalence of cesarean delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36186,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Mfm","volume":"6 11","pages":"Article 101498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cesarean delivery, labor duration, and mothers’ mortality risk over 50 years of follow-up\",\"authors\":\"Susanna D. Mitro PhD , Rajeshwari Sundaram PhD , Sonia M. Grandi PhD , Stefanie N. Hinkle PhD , James L. Mills MD , Pauline Mendola PhD , Sunni L. Mumford PhD , Yan Qiao MPH , Anokhi Cifuentes MPH , Cuilin Zhang MD, PhD , Enrique F. Schisterman PhD , Katherine L. Grantz MD, MS\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101498\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pregnancy complications have been recognized as a window to future health. Though cesarean delivery is common, it is unknown whether labor duration and mode of delivery are associated with maternal long-term mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine whether labor duration and mode of delivery were associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Participants were mothers from the multisite Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) cohort (1959–1966; <em>n</em>=43,646, limited to last CPP delivery). We ascertained all-cause and specific causes of death as of 2016 via linkage to the National Death Index and Social Security Death Master File. Hazard ratios (HR) testing mode of delivery and labor duration were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics. We further stratified analyses by parity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among participants with a recorded delivery mode, 5.9% (2486/42,335) had a cesarean delivery. Participants who had a cesarean were older (26.9 vs 24.3 years), with higher body mass index (24.0 vs 22.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), were less likely to be nulliparous (21% vs 30%), and more likely to have a household income of at least $6000 (22% vs 17%), to smoke ≥1 pack/d (18% vs 15%), to have diabetes mellitus (12% vs 1%) and to have a prior medical condition (47% vs 34%), compared to participants with a vaginal delivery. Delivery mode was similar by race/ethnicity, marital status, and education. Median labor duration was 395 minutes among participants who had an intrapartum cesarean delivery and 350 minutes among participants delivered vaginally. By 2016, 52.2% of participants with a cesarean delivery and 38.5% of participants with a vaginal delivery had died. Cesarean vs vaginal delivery was significantly associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality (HR=1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09, 1.23); in nulliparas, HR=1.27 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.47); in multiparas, HR=1.13 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.21) as well as increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease, infection, and kidney disease. Associations with death from cardiovascular disease, infection, and kidney disease were stronger for multiparas than nulliparas, though the association with death from diabetes was stronger among nulliparas. Labor duration was not significantly related to overall mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In a historic United States cohort with a low cesarean delivery rate, cesarean delivery was an indicator for subsequent increased mortality risk, particularly related to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Future studies with long-term follow-up are warranted given the current high prevalence of cesarean delivery.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":36186,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Mfm\",\"volume\":\"6 11\",\"pages\":\"Article 101498\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Mfm\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589933324002246\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Mfm","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589933324002246","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Cesarean delivery, labor duration, and mothers’ mortality risk over 50 years of follow-up
Background
Pregnancy complications have been recognized as a window to future health. Though cesarean delivery is common, it is unknown whether labor duration and mode of delivery are associated with maternal long-term mortality.
Objective
To examine whether labor duration and mode of delivery were associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Study Design
Participants were mothers from the multisite Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) cohort (1959–1966; n=43,646, limited to last CPP delivery). We ascertained all-cause and specific causes of death as of 2016 via linkage to the National Death Index and Social Security Death Master File. Hazard ratios (HR) testing mode of delivery and labor duration were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics. We further stratified analyses by parity.
Results
Among participants with a recorded delivery mode, 5.9% (2486/42,335) had a cesarean delivery. Participants who had a cesarean were older (26.9 vs 24.3 years), with higher body mass index (24.0 vs 22.7 kg/m2), were less likely to be nulliparous (21% vs 30%), and more likely to have a household income of at least $6000 (22% vs 17%), to smoke ≥1 pack/d (18% vs 15%), to have diabetes mellitus (12% vs 1%) and to have a prior medical condition (47% vs 34%), compared to participants with a vaginal delivery. Delivery mode was similar by race/ethnicity, marital status, and education. Median labor duration was 395 minutes among participants who had an intrapartum cesarean delivery and 350 minutes among participants delivered vaginally. By 2016, 52.2% of participants with a cesarean delivery and 38.5% of participants with a vaginal delivery had died. Cesarean vs vaginal delivery was significantly associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality (HR=1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09, 1.23); in nulliparas, HR=1.27 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.47); in multiparas, HR=1.13 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.21) as well as increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease, infection, and kidney disease. Associations with death from cardiovascular disease, infection, and kidney disease were stronger for multiparas than nulliparas, though the association with death from diabetes was stronger among nulliparas. Labor duration was not significantly related to overall mortality.
Conclusion
In a historic United States cohort with a low cesarean delivery rate, cesarean delivery was an indicator for subsequent increased mortality risk, particularly related to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Future studies with long-term follow-up are warranted given the current high prevalence of cesarean delivery.
期刊介绍:
The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (AJOG) is a highly esteemed publication with two companion titles. One of these is the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Maternal-Fetal Medicine (AJOG MFM), which is dedicated to the latest research in the field of maternal-fetal medicine, specifically concerning high-risk pregnancies. The journal encompasses a wide range of topics, including:
Maternal Complications: It addresses significant studies that have the potential to change clinical practice regarding complications faced by pregnant women.
Fetal Complications: The journal covers prenatal diagnosis, ultrasound, and genetic issues related to the fetus, providing insights into the management and care of fetal health.
Prenatal Care: It discusses the best practices in prenatal care to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the unborn child.
Intrapartum Care: It provides guidance on the care provided during the childbirth process, which is critical for the safety of both mother and baby.
Postpartum Issues: The journal also tackles issues that arise after childbirth, focusing on the postpartum period and its implications for maternal health. AJOG MFM serves as a reliable forum for peer-reviewed research, with a preference for randomized trials and meta-analyses. The goal is to equip researchers and clinicians with the most current information and evidence-based strategies to effectively manage high-risk pregnancies and to provide the best possible care for mothers and their unborn children.