岩石露头是冰期植物的避难所:巴塔哥尼亚森林-草原过渡时期的生态学证据

IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY
Austral Ecology Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI:10.1111/aec.13596
A. Dezzotti, A. Medina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚的森林-草原过渡地带,强烈的物理变异促进了不同植被单位的出现,其中包括在岩石露头上形成的沙棘草甸。在温带和热带地区,这些气候和地形多变、土壤发育不良的地貌在生态和进化方面的作用与其缩小的面积不成比例。在阿瓜斯弗里亚斯(南纬 38°46′,西经 70°54′),我们将生长在沙棘草甸上的维管束植物物种的范围、多样性、密度和适应性与周围的干草原、森林和湿润草甸进行了比较。我们推测,岩石露头显示出成分和功能上的差异,适应寒冷的植物区系以前分布更为广泛,因此可以将其归类为在当前间冰期范围缩小的物种的避难所。与其他单元相比,萨克斯草甸面积小,植物覆盖率低,物种总丰富度、本地物种丰富度和稀有物种丰富度均较高,物种密度和多样性较高,独特科类和物种丰富度较高,并且只存在(岩)蕨类植物。萨克斯草甸与其他单元的物种相似度较低。草本植物和纳米植物占优势,半隐叶植物和地肤植物不常见,中生植物和食叶植物缺失。不同地区在岩石露头面积、物种起源、策略、组成、多样性和范围方面的结果相同。从生物和物理属性上看,这些露头岩石可被视为具有高度多样性的贫瘠栖息地,可作为适应寒冷的植物的避难所。保护行动必须防止和减轻火灾、生物入侵和放牧的影响,这些都是目前对这一生态系统的威胁。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rock outcrops as interglacial refugia for plants: Ecological evidence from the forest-steppe transition of Patagonia

In the forest-steppe transition of Patagonia from Argentina, the intense physical variability promotes the occurrence of contrasting vegetation units, among which is the saxicolous meadow developed on rock outcrops. In temperate and tropical regions, these geoforms of highly variable climate and topography, and poor soil development play an ecological and evolutionary role disproportionate to their reduced area. In Aguas Frías (38°46′S, 70°54′W), the range, diversity, density and adaptation of vascular plant species growing in the saxicolous meadow were compared to those of the surrounding steppe, forest and hygrophilous meadow. We hypothesize that rock outcrops exhibit a compositionally and functionally divergent, cold-adapted flora of a previously more widespread distribution, allowing them to be categorized as refugia for species whose range retreated during the current interglacial. In comparison to the other units, the saxicolous meadow exhibited a small area, low plant cover, high total, native and rare species richness, high density and diversity of species, high richness of unique families and species and an exclusive presence of (rock) ferns. It also presented a high richness of endemic species with more extreme latitudinal and altitudinal distribution, particularly >46° S and >3000 m a.s.l. The similarity of species between the saxicolous meadow and the other units was low. Chamaephytes and nanophanerophytes were dominants, hemicryptophytes and geophytes were infrequent and mesophanerophytes and therophytes were absent. Equivalent results in terms of area of rock outcrops, and origin, strategy, composition, diversity and range of species were found in different regions. The biological and physical attributes would allow these outcrops to be characterized as reduced habitats of high diversity which could be acting as refugia for cold-adapted plants. Conservation actions must prevent and mitigate the effects of fire, biological invasion and cattle grazing that represent the current threats to this ecosystem.

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来源期刊
Austral Ecology
Austral Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
6.70%
发文量
117
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Austral Ecology is the premier journal for basic and applied ecology in the Southern Hemisphere. As the official Journal of The Ecological Society of Australia (ESA), Austral Ecology addresses the commonality between ecosystems in Australia and many parts of southern Africa, South America, New Zealand and Oceania. For example many species in the unique biotas of these regions share common Gondwana ancestors. ESA''s aim is to publish innovative research to encourage the sharing of information and experiences that enrich the understanding of the ecology of the Southern Hemisphere. Austral Ecology involves an editorial board with representatives from Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, Brazil and Argentina. These representatives provide expert opinions, access to qualified reviewers and act as a focus for attracting a wide range of contributions from countries across the region. Austral Ecology publishes original papers describing experimental, observational or theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine or freshwater systems, which are considered without taxonomic bias. Special thematic issues are published regularly, including symposia on the ecology of estuaries and soft sediment habitats, freshwater systems and coral reef fish.
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