Cave Myotis (Myotis velifer) consume diverse prey items and provide important ecosystem services

Insectivorous bats play an essential role as predators in natural ecosystems and contribute to pest control in agricultural landscapes. However, characterizing diets of specific bat species is difficult using conventional methods that cannot capture detailed dietary information. In this study, we used metabarcoding of the cytochrome oxidase I mitochondrial gene to analyze fecal samples of Myotis velifer and provide insight into the seasonal variation of diet from a colony located in the Chihuahuan Desert region of Texas. After filtering sequence reads, we recovered and analyzed 706 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) in the diet of M. velifer. We found 484 taxa (species and genus level) belonging to 11 insect orders in 66 fecal samples collected from March to October 2021. The orders containing the most MOTUs were Diptera (n = 353), Lepidoptera (n = 160), and Blattodea (n = 59). In their diet, we identified important insect crop pests, non-native insects, and substantial consumption of mosquitoes. Dietary composition shifted throughout seasons. Bats captured in summer months consumed the highest diversity of arthropod orders, and those captured in the spring consumed more diet items but were less diverse in arthropod orders. Our results uncovered 2 additional orders consumed by M. velifer, Blattodea and Odonata, that have not been previously described in their diet.