用于特殊核材料无损检测的聚变中子源和粒子探测器阵列

IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, APPLIED
Kai Masuda, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Tsuyoshi Misawa, Norio Yamakawa, Thomas B. Scott, Mahmoud Bakr
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文介绍的是一种开创性的便携式主动询问系统的实验测试结果,该系统设计用于特殊核材料(SNM)的无损检测。该系统以阈值能量中子分析概念为基础,包含一个便携式氘-氘(DD)中子发生器,可产生 5 × 107 n/s 的粒子强度,再加上三个张力可变流体探测器(TMFD)阵列,用于探测来自裂变材料的二次中子。在裂变材料存在的情况下,会发射出平均能量约为 2 MeV 的瞬裂变中子,其中约 30% 的中子能量高于 DD 中子源的能量(2.45 MeV)。如果检测到统计意义上超过这一阈值的中子群,就可以确定 SNM 的存在。TMFD 在有效探测阈值以上中子的同时,还能对阈值以下的中子和伽马射线进行鉴别,表现出很高的灵敏度。这一独特的功能使探测系统能够保持轻巧的外形,而无需大量的屏蔽材料。验证实验包括在 1 立方米的检测体积内放置 70 或 140 克重的铀-235。在 8 × 105 n/sec 的 DD 中子源强度下,在有铀-235 和没有铀-235 的情况下,测量间隔为 30 分钟,重复多次。含天然铀(NU)的实验计数率始终高于不含 NU 的计数率。利用这些计数率评估了探测概率 (PD) 和误报概率 (PFA)。DD 中子源强度和检测时间分别归一化为 5 × 107 n/sec 和 90 s。结果表明,在检测 70 克和 140 克铀-235 时,PD 分别约为 74% 和 98%,PFA 为 <5%。这些令人鼓舞的结果符合 ANSI 标准中规定的 PD(>90%)和 PFA(<5%)目标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Fusion neutron source and array of particle detectors for nondestructive interrogation of special nuclear materials
Presented herein are the outcomes of an experimental test involving a pioneering portable-active interrogation system designed for the nondestructive detection of special nuclear materials (SNMs). The system relies on the threshold energy neutron analysis concept and incorporates a portable deuterium–deuterium (DD) neutron generator producing a particle intensity of 5 × 107 n/s, coupled with three arrays of tensioned metastable fluid detectors (TMFDs) to detect secondary neutrons from the fissile material. In the presence of the fissile material, prompt fission neutrons are emitted, with an average energy of approximately 2 MeV, and around 30% of these neutrons have energies above that of the DD neutron source (2.45 MeV). The detection of a statistically significant neutron population exceeding this threshold firmly indicates the presence of SNM. TMFDs exhibit high sensitivity in efficiently detecting neutrons above the threshold while adeptly discriminating against neutrons below the threshold as well as gamma rays. This unique feature allows the interrogation system to maintain a lightweight profile without necessitating substantial shielding materials. The validation experiments involved the placement of 70 or 140 g masses of U-235 within a 1 m3 inspection volume. Measurements were carried out over 30 min intervals, repeated numerous times, both with and without U-235, at a DD neutron source intensity of 8 × 105 n/sec. Experimental count rates with natural uranium (NU) are consistently above those without NU. The probability of detection (PD) and probability of false alarm (PFA) were assessed utilizing these count rates. The DD neutron source intensity and inspection time were normalized at 5 × 107 n/sec and 90 s, respectively. The results indicated a PD of approximately 74% and 98% for detecting 70 and 140 g of U-235, respectively, with a PFA of <5%. These promising outcomes align with the specified PD (>90%) and PFA (<5%) targets outlined in ANSI standards.
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来源期刊
Journal of Applied Physics
Journal of Applied Physics 物理-物理:应用
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
9.40%
发文量
1534
审稿时长
2.3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Applied Physics (JAP) is an influential international journal publishing significant new experimental and theoretical results of applied physics research. Topics covered in JAP are diverse and reflect the most current applied physics research, including: Dielectrics, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics- Electrical discharges, plasmas, and plasma-surface interactions- Emerging, interdisciplinary, and other fields of applied physics- Magnetism, spintronics, and superconductivity- Organic-Inorganic systems, including organic electronics- Photonics, plasmonics, photovoltaics, lasers, optical materials, and phenomena- Physics of devices and sensors- Physics of materials, including electrical, thermal, mechanical and other properties- Physics of matter under extreme conditions- Physics of nanoscale and low-dimensional systems, including atomic and quantum phenomena- Physics of semiconductors- Soft matter, fluids, and biophysics- Thin films, interfaces, and surfaces
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