漫长的点火之路目击者的叙述

IF 2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS
Mordecai D. Rosen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文回顾了位于劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室(LLNL)的国家点火装置(NIF)采用激光加热间接驱动方法内爆 DT 填充目标,最终于 2022 年底点火的漫长历程中的许多曲折。我们介绍了劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室激光计划的早期起源和主要发展,如利用激光进行高能量密度物理学(HEDP)研究的范式转变、激光波长选择的变化以及关键诊断和计算机代码的开发。满足多方面的 Nova 技术合同的要求是 NIF 获得批准的必要条件,但更重要的是,冷战的结束和核试验的停止以及蓄势待发的 HEDP 领域是 NIF 获得批准的关键催化剂。激光驱动惯性约束聚变领域固有的灵活性在 NIF 取得成功的过程中发挥了根本性的作用。我们介绍了最终成功的点火目标设计是如何从最初的 "点设计 "目标演变而来,并吸取了实验的经验教训。最初设计的所有关键方面都发生了变化:太空舱的材料和尺寸都发生了变化;霍姆腔的材料、尺寸、激光入口孔尺寸和气体填充也都发生了变化,与所有这些变化相伴的激光脉冲形状也发生了变化。全面优化性能以提高稳定性(通过提高阿迪巴特从而降低内爆收敛性)的理念也是关键所在,同样关键的还有在靶件制造和提高 NIF 能量输出方面取得的进展。研究人员的不懈努力和支持者的坚定支持也是取得成功的必要因素。我们感谢七十年来研究人员的努力,以及四十年来全球数百名工作人员的奉献,他们参与了 NIF 的建设、运行、目标制造、诊断和理论研究,最终实现了点火。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The long road to ignition: An eyewitness account
This paper reviews the many twists and turns in the long journey that culminated in ignition in late 2022 using the laser heated indirect-drive approach to imploding DT filled targets at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), located at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). We describe the early origins of the Laser Program at LLNL and key developments such as the paradigm shifting birth of high energy density physics (HEDP) studies with lasers, changes in choice of laser wavelength, and the development of key diagnostics and computer codes. Fulfilling the requirements of the multi-faceted Nova Technical Contract was a necessary condition for the approval of the NIF, but more importantly, the end of the Cold War and the cessation of nuclear testing were key catalysts in that approval, along with the ready-and-waiting field of HEDP. The inherent flexibility of the field of laser driven inertial confinement fusion played a fundamental role in achieving success at the NIF. We describe how the ultimately successful ignition target design evolved from the original “point design” target, through the lessons of experiment. All key aspects of that original design changed: The capsule's materials and size were changed; the hohlraum's materials, size, laser entrance hole size, and gas fills were also all changed, as were the laser pulse shapes that go along with all those changes. The philosophy to globally optimize performance for stability (by raising the adiabat and thus lowering the implosion convergence) was also key, as was progress in target fabrication, and in increasing NIF's energy output. The persistence of the research staff and the steadfast backing of our supporters were also necessary elements in this success. We gratefully acknowledge seven decades of researcher endeavors and four decades of the dedicated efforts of many hundreds of personnel across the globe who have participated in NIF construction, operation, target fabrication, diagnostic, and theoretical advances that have culminated in ignition.
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来源期刊
Physics of Plasmas
Physics of Plasmas 物理-物理:流体与等离子体
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
22.70%
发文量
653
审稿时长
2.5 months
期刊介绍: Physics of Plasmas (PoP), published by AIP Publishing in cooperation with the APS Division of Plasma Physics, is committed to the publication of original research in all areas of experimental and theoretical plasma physics. PoP publishes comprehensive and in-depth review manuscripts covering important areas of study and Special Topics highlighting new and cutting-edge developments in plasma physics. Every year a special issue publishes the invited and review papers from the most recent meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics. PoP covers a broad range of important research in this dynamic field, including: -Basic plasma phenomena, waves, instabilities -Nonlinear phenomena, turbulence, transport -Magnetically confined plasmas, heating, confinement -Inertially confined plasmas, high-energy density plasma science, warm dense matter -Ionospheric, solar-system, and astrophysical plasmas -Lasers, particle beams, accelerators, radiation generation -Radiation emission, absorption, and transport -Low-temperature plasmas, plasma applications, plasma sources, sheaths -Dusty plasmas
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