Improved frequency regulation of dual-area hybrid power system with the influence of energy storage devices

This article explores the influence of energy storage devices (ESDs) like battery storage devices, aqua-equalizer-based fuel cells (FC) and electric vehicles as secondary sources for the improvement of frequency regulation of a dual-area hybrid power system (d-HPS) for its outstanding disturbance rejection capability. The d-HPS is a hybrid system, integrated with wind, solar and tidal systems, and a reheater interfaced thermal system enabled with GRC-GDB nonlinearities. Due to uncertain solar, wind and tidal power injection, primary and secondary load frequency control (LFC) frequently approaches incompetency in mitigating the power and frequency deviations due to inadequacy of controller action. To improve the inadequacy of the controller, the fractional-order scaled interval type 2 fuzzy PID controller (FO-T-II-FPID) control approach is integrated with LFC loops, which is optimally scaled by the improved equilibrium optimization algorithm (i-EOA) overcoming population diversity and local trapping issues with basic EOA. Furthermore, with the insertion of ESDs in steps the frequency responses are improved marginally. The efficacy of the i-EOA scaled FO-T-II-FPID controller is authenticated by contrasting it against some recent research approaches. Lastly, conferring to the sensitivity analysis and stability analysis, the proposed frequency regulation approach with ESDs is found to be an inventive contrast to parameters alternation, random loading conditions and uncertain power injection.