III 型超导体涡旋的拓扑规理论

M. C. Diamantini, C. A. Trugenberger, V. M. Vinokur
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引用次数: 0

摘要

传统超导体分为两类,一类是驱逐磁场的I型超导体,另一类是磁场超过较低临界磁场$H_{\rm c1}$就会以阿布里科索夫涡旋的形式穿透的II型超导体。阿布里科索夫涡旋有两个空间尺度,一个是正常磁芯的尺寸($xi$),超导阶参数在此受到抑制;另一个是伦敦穿透深度($\lambda$),描述了形成涡旋的循环超导电流开始明显下降的尺度。在这里,我们证明了在任何维度的颗粒介质中实现的新颖的第三类超导,它承载着一种新颖的涡旋物理学。因此,在III型超导体中,在零温度下$H_{\rm c1}=0$,金兹堡-朗道理论必须被拓扑规理论所取代。III型超导电性不是通过库珀对断裂而被破坏的,而是通过将贝雷津斯基-科斯特利兹-无穷机制推广到任何维度的涡旋扩散而被破坏的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Topological gauge theory of vortices in type-III superconductors
Traditional superconductors fall into two categories, type-I, expelling magnetic fields, and type-II, into which magnetic fields exceeding a lower critical field $H_{\rm c1}$ penetrate in form of Abrikosov vortices. Abrikosov vortices are characterized by two spatial scales, the size of the normal core, $\xi$, where the superconducting order parameter is suppressed and the London penetration depth $\lambda$, describing the scale at which circulating superconducting currents forming vortices start to noticeably drop. Here we demonstrate that a novel type-III superconductivity, realized in granular media in any dimension hosts a novel vortex physics. Type-III vortices have no cores, are logarithmically confined and carry only a gauge scale $\lambda$. Accordingly, in type-III superconductors $H_{\rm c1}=0$ at zero temperature and the Ginzburg-Landau theory must be replaced by a topological gauge theory. Type-III superconductivity is destroyed not by Cooper pair breaking but by vortex proliferation generalizing the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless mechanism to any dimension.
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