美国的煤灰资源和稀土元素生产潜力

IF 6.9 1区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS
Robert C. Reedy, Bridget R. Scanlon, Davin A. Bagdonas, James C. Hower, Dennis James, J. Richard Kyle, Kristine Uhlman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

可再生能源产业严重依赖稀土元素,因此需要开发资源和生产稀土元素。这项工作的目的是利用美国的数据估算煤灰资源和提取稀土元素的潜力。煤灰资源和处置的时空变化数据来自各种联邦数据库,煤灰中的稀土元素含量则来自文献。结果显示,美国(1950-2021 年)的煤炭产量约为 52 千兆吨 (Gt)。发电厂占煤炭使用量的大部分,特别是自 1980 年以来。煤灰(5.3 千兆吨)平均占煤炭重量的 10%,从亚烟煤的 6% 到褐煤的 14% 不等。约 70% 的煤灰可用于提取稀土元素(1985-2021 年),这些煤灰被丢弃在垃圾填埋场和池塘中,其余的煤灰在现场使用或出售。阿巴拉契亚盆地煤灰中稀土元素总量的中值(中值为 431 毫克/千克)远高于伊利诺斯盆地(282 毫克/千克)或粉河盆地(264 毫克/千克)。考虑到稀土氧化物的市场价值、可能获取的煤灰量以及稀土元素提取率(阿巴拉契亚盆地和伊利诺斯盆地占 30%;粉河盆地占 70%),估计价值为 84 亿美元。本研究提供了有关美国可获得的煤灰资源、与煤炭来源的联系以及美国未来开发的稀土元素含量初步估算的基本信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Coal ash resources and potential for rare earth element production in the United States

Coal ash resources and potential for rare earth element production in the United States

The renewable energy industry is heavily reliant on rare earth elements, underscoring the need to develop resources and production. The objective of this work was to estimate coal ash resources and potential for extraction of rare earth elements using data for the US. Data on spatiotemporal variability in coal ash resources and disposition were compiled from various federal databases and rare earth elements levels in ash were compiled from the literature. Results show that ~ 52 gigatons (Gt) of coal were produced in the US (1950–2021). Power plants account for most of the coal use, particularly since 1980. Coal ash (5.3 Gt) represents a mean of 10% of coal by weight, ranging from 6% for subbituminous to 14% for lignite. About 70% of coal ash is potentially accessible for rare earth element extraction (1985–2021) and was disposed in landfills and ponds with the remaining coal ash used onsite or sold. Median values of total rare earth elements are much higher in ashes derived from the Appalachian Basin (median 431 mg/kg) than in the Illinois (282 mg/kg) or Powder River basins (264 mg/kg). Considering the market value of rare earth oxides, potentially accessible ash volumes, and percent rare earth element extraction (30% Appalachian and Illinois Basins; 70% Powder River Basin) results in an estimated $8.4 billion value. This study provides fundamental information on accessible coal ash resources in the US, linkages to coal sources, and preliminary estimates of rare earth element levels for future development within the US.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
8.40%
发文量
678
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Coal Science & Technology is a peer-reviewed open access journal that focuses on key topics of coal scientific research and mining development. It serves as a forum for scientists to present research findings and discuss challenging issues in the field. The journal covers a range of topics including coal geology, geochemistry, geophysics, mineralogy, and petrology. It also covers coal mining theory, technology, and engineering, as well as coal processing, utilization, and conversion. Additionally, the journal explores coal mining environment and reclamation, along with related aspects. The International Journal of Coal Science & Technology is published with China Coal Society, who also cover the publication costs. This means that authors do not need to pay an article-processing charge.
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