Antoine Glicenstein, Apoorva Apoorva, Daniel Benedicto Orenes, Hector Letellier, Alvaro Mitchell Galvão de Melo, Raphaël Saint-Jalm, Robin Kaiser
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In-situ measurements of light diffusion in an optically dense atomic ensemble
This study introduces a novel method to investigate in-situ light transport
within optically thick ensembles of cold atoms, exploiting the internal
structure of alkaline-earth metals. A method for creating an optical excitation
at the center of a large atomic cloud is demonstrated, and we observe its
propagation through multiple scattering events. In conditions where the cloud
size is significantly larger than the transport mean free path, a diffusive
regime is identified. We measure key parameters including the diffusion
coefficient, transport velocity, and transport time, finding a good agreement
with diffusion models. We also demonstrate that the frequency of the photons
launched inside the system can be controlled. This approach enables direct
time- and space-resolved observation of light diffusion in atomic ensembles,
offering a promising avenue for exploring new diffusion regimes.