利用半经典光实现实用安全的委托量子计算

Boris Bourdoncle, Pierre-Emmanuel Emeriau, Paul Hilaire, Shane Mansfield, Luka Music, Stephen Wein
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引用次数: 0

摘要

安全委托量子计算(Secure Delegated Quantum Computation,SDQC)协议是未来量子信息处理全球架构的重要组成部分,因为它允许用户在远程量子服务器上执行有价值的计算,而不必担心恶意的量子服务提供商或窃听者会获取有关其数据或算法的某些信息。它们还允许用户检查他们的计算是否按照他们指定的方式进行。然而,现有协议都有一些缺点,限制了它们在现实世界中的应用。大多数协议都要求客户端操作单量子比特源或进行单量子比特测量,这就要求客户端仍然具备一定的量子技术能力(尽管受到限制),或者要求服务器进行难以在真实硬件上实现的操作(例如从激光脉冲中分离出单光子和偏振保全光子数量子非拆卸测量)。还有一些协议完全不需要量子通信,但这需要服务器端付出安全保证和内存开销的代价。我们提出的 SDQC 协议大大降低了客户端和服务器端的技术要求,同时提供了信息论上的可组合安全性。更确切地说,客户端只需操纵一个衰减激光脉冲,而服务器只需处理具有能产生自旋-光分量纠缠结构的相互作用量子发射器。量子发射器既是相干激光脉冲到偏振编码量子比特的转换器,也是纠缠发生器。这种装置最近被用来演示迄今为止最大的纠缠光子态,从而暗示我们的协议已经准备好用于实验实施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Towards practical secure delegated quantum computing with semi-classical light
Secure Delegated Quantum Computation (SDQC) protocols are a vital piece of the future quantum information processing global architecture since they allow end-users to perform their valuable computations on remote quantum servers without fear that a malicious quantum service provider or an eavesdropper might acquire some information about their data or algorithm. They also allow end-users to check that their computation has been performed as they have specified it. However, existing protocols all have drawbacks that limit their usage in the real world. Most require the client to either operate a single-qubit source or perform single-qubit measurements, thus requiring them to still have some quantum technological capabilities albeit restricted, or require the server to perform operations which are hard to implement on real hardware (e.g isolate single photons from laser pulses and polarisation-preserving photon-number quantum non-demolition measurements). Others remove the need for quantum communications entirely but this comes at a cost in terms of security guarantees and memory overhead on the server's side. We present an SDQC protocol which drastically reduces the technological requirements of both the client and the server while providing information-theoretic composable security. More precisely, the client only manipulates an attenuated laser pulse, while the server only handles interacting quantum emitters with a structure capable of generating spin-photon entanglement. The quantum emitter acts as both a converter from coherent laser pulses to polarisation-encoded qubits and an entanglement generator. Such devices have recently been used to demonstrate the largest entangled photonic state to date, thus hinting at the readiness of our protocol for experimental implementations.
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