Research on tool wear condition monitoring based on deep transfer learning and residual network

To address the issues of sample scarcity and insufficient recognition accuracy in existing deep learning models for tool wear monitoring, this study developed a milling tool wear monitoring model that combines transfer learning (TL) and deep residual networks (ResNet). The model uses continuous wavelet transform to convert vibration signals into time-frequency maps, which are then fed into the network model for analysis. ResNet50 was selected as the base feature extraction model, and transfer learning techniques were employed to update the classification layer’s weights, enabling tool wear detection. The model based on ResNet-TL achieved a detection accuracy of 94%, significantly exceeding the threshold for intelligent tool wear recognition. This accomplishment markedly improves the precision and stability of tool wear state monitoring, providing more reliable technical support for tool management in manufacturing processes. Additionally, the method demonstrated superiority in addressing the small sample problem, paving the way for future research in tool wear monitoring. By integrating advanced deep learning techniques with transfer learning, the model not only enhances detection capabilities but also improves adaptability and robustness in practical industrial applications.