Elucidating the Hydrolysis and Polymerization Reactions of Al3+-Solvated Molecules by Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Utilizing the reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulation, we conducted a comprehensive study on the impact of basicity (OH⁻/Al³⁺ ratio), concentration, and temperature on the hydrolysis and polymerization reactions of Al³⁺-solvated molecules. Through simulations, we analyzed the structural changes, energy fluctuations of the system, and the evolution patterns of reaction products under different parameters, which were subsequently validated by experimental data. The research results indicate that hydroxide ions in the solution directly influence the breakage of OH bonds in the coordinating water molecules of solvated aluminum ions. This, in turn, affects the number of H₂O and OH⁻ ions coordinated with Al³⁺, leading to changes in hydrolysis products. Additionally, the number of OH⁻ ions surrounding Al³⁺ affects the electrostatic repulsion, making it easier for polymerization reactions to occur as the system approaches the point of zero charge. On the other hand, an increase in concentration and temperature enhances the frequency of cluster collisions, thus contributing to an increase in polymerization degree. The experimental results align closely with our simulated predictions. As the pH value increases, the particle size exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, reaching a maximum at the point of zero charge. Simultaneously, an increase in concentration also prompts an increase in particle size. The combination of these empirical results with simulations enhances the credibility and reliability of our model's predictive capabilities. This study not only expands our understanding of the relevant chemical reaction processes but also provides important theoretical support for practical applications in related fields.