Assessing the effects of long-term habitat reconstruction on breeding shorebird populations in a steppe region

Shorebirds represent key indicator species for evaluating the health of wetlands, as they rely on specific habitats for breeding and foraging. Several restoration actions were initiated to restore these wetlands in the Hortobágy (Hungary), however, their effects have never been assessed. Since birds are good indicators of the health and quality of natural environment and sensitive to changes in land use and climate, we evaluated the restoration actions conducted in the last 20 years using bird monitoring data. Our study focuses on the long-term effects of different habitat restoration actions implemented in the region, which involved no restoration, targeted and non-targeted type of interventions for shorebird management as well as long-term and short-term management. The evaluation is based on long-term monitoring data of shorebird species: Black-winged Stilt, Northern Lapwing, Black-tailed Godwit, Common Redshank and Common Snipe. The effectiveness of restoration actions found to have a species-specific aspect, but in general, our findings indicate positive effects of targeted and long-term restoration actions on breeding shorebird populations. By contrast, targeted but short-term actions led to even worse results for shorebird breeding population size than where no restoration actions were initiated. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the specific habitat requirements of breeding shorebirds in the steppe region and can inform future habitat management strategies. The results can be used in conservation planning and management and highlight the importance of long-term and targeted habitat reconstruction projects in restoring and maintaining breeding shorebird populations.