考虑质量和体积有限的混合火箭发动机的燃料和氧化剂组合

IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED
Michael Presman, Alon Gany
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这项研究考虑了用于混合推进的不同可储存氧化剂和燃料组合,为质量和体积受限的系统寻找最合适的候选者。高比冲 Isp 是最小质量的主要指标,而高密度比冲 ρIsp 则是较小体积的良好衡量标准。其他方面,如安全性、操作、毒性、燃烧速率、过醇度以及氧化剂与燃料的 O/F 比率,都可能影响推进剂成分组合的最终选择。对于质量有限的系统,过氧化氢 H2O2 或四氧化二氮 N2O4(后者有毒且难以处理)氧化剂与大多数固体燃料(主要是羟基封端聚丁二烯 HTPB)配合使用效果最佳。对于容积有限的系统,也可采用相同的组合;但在这种情况下,聚酯燃料由于密度高,也可作为适当的选择。氧化亚氮 N2O 是最不适合体积受限系统的氧化剂,其产生的 ρIsp 比其他氧化剂低约 40%。减少高压、高温部分(燃烧室)可降低结构和隔热材料的质量,采用 N2O 或 H2O2 氧化剂的高 O/F 组合可达到这一目的。N2O 可提供相对安全的系统,H2O2 可实现高热量组合,HNO3 适合长期储存,而石蜡和可膨胀石墨添加剂可产生高燃料回归率和推力。总的来说,H2O2 氧化剂似乎在许多操作方面都是最佳的,但它应具有化学稳定性,以尽量减少分解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Consideration of fuel and oxidizer combinations for mass and volume limited hybrid rocket motors
This research considers different storable oxidizer and fuel combinations for hybrid propulsion, looking for the most adequate candidates for mass and volume limited systems. High specific impulse Isp is the main indication for minimum mass, whereas high density specific impulse ρIsp is a good measure for smaller volume. Other aspects such as safety, handling, toxicity, burn rate, hypergolicity, and the oxidizer to fuel O/F ratio, may affect the final choice of propellant ingredient combination. For mass‐limited systems hydrogen peroxide H2O2 or nitrogen tetroxide N2O4 (the latter is toxic and hard to handle) oxidizers give the best results with most solid fuels (mainly hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene HTPB). For volume‐limited systems the same combinations may apply; however, in that case polyester fuel may be an adequate choice as well because of its high density. Nitrous oxide N2O is the most inadequate oxidizer for volume‐limited systems, yielding ρIsp lower by about 40 % compared to other oxidizers. Reducing the structure and insulation mass may result from decreasing the high‐pressure, high‐temperature section (the combustion chamber) and can be achieved from high O/F combinations employing N2O or H2O2 oxidizers. N2O gives relatively safe system, H2O2 enables hypergolic combinations, HNO3 is good for long‐term storage, whereas paraffin wax and expandable graphite additive yield high fuel regression rate and thrust. Overall, H2O2 oxidizer seems optimal for many operational aspects, but it should be chemically stabilized to minimize decomposition.
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来源期刊
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 工程技术-工程:化工
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
16.70%
发文量
235
审稿时长
2.7 months
期刊介绍: Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics (PEP) is an international, peer-reviewed journal containing Full Papers, Short Communications, critical Reviews, as well as details of forthcoming meetings and book reviews concerned with the research, development and production in relation to propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics for all applications. Being the official journal of the International Pyrotechnics Society, PEP is a vital medium and the state-of-the-art forum for the exchange of science and technology in energetic materials. PEP is published 12 times a year. PEP is devoted to advancing the science, technology and engineering elements in the storage and manipulation of chemical energy, specifically in propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics. Articles should provide scientific context, articulate impact, and be generally applicable to the energetic materials and wider scientific community. PEP is not a defense journal and does not feature the weaponization of materials and related systems or include information that would aid in the development or utilization of improvised explosive systems, e.g., synthesis routes to terrorist explosives.
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