{"title":"考虑质量和体积有限的混合火箭发动机的燃料和氧化剂组合","authors":"Michael Presman, Alon Gany","doi":"10.1002/prep.202400149","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This research considers different storable oxidizer and fuel combinations for hybrid propulsion, looking for the most adequate candidates for mass and volume limited systems. High specific impulse I<jats:sub>sp</jats:sub> is the main indication for minimum mass, whereas high density specific impulse ρI<jats:sub>sp</jats:sub> is a good measure for smaller volume. Other aspects such as safety, handling, toxicity, burn rate, hypergolicity, and the oxidizer to fuel O/F ratio, may affect the final choice of propellant ingredient combination. For mass‐limited systems hydrogen peroxide H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> or nitrogen tetroxide N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (the latter is toxic and hard to handle) oxidizers give the best results with most solid fuels (mainly hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene HTPB). For volume‐limited systems the same combinations may apply; however, in that case polyester fuel may be an adequate choice as well because of its high density. Nitrous oxide N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O is the most inadequate oxidizer for volume‐limited systems, yielding ρI<jats:sub>sp</jats:sub> lower by about 40 % compared to other oxidizers. Reducing the structure and insulation mass may result from decreasing the high‐pressure, high‐temperature section (the combustion chamber) and can be achieved from high O/F combinations employing N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O or H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> oxidizers. N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O gives relatively safe system, H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> enables hypergolic combinations, HNO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> is good for long‐term storage, whereas paraffin wax and expandable graphite additive yield high fuel regression rate and thrust. Overall, H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> oxidizer seems optimal for many operational aspects, but it should be chemically stabilized to minimize decomposition.","PeriodicalId":20800,"journal":{"name":"Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Consideration of fuel and oxidizer combinations for mass and volume limited hybrid rocket motors\",\"authors\":\"Michael Presman, Alon Gany\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/prep.202400149\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"This research considers different storable oxidizer and fuel combinations for hybrid propulsion, looking for the most adequate candidates for mass and volume limited systems. High specific impulse I<jats:sub>sp</jats:sub> is the main indication for minimum mass, whereas high density specific impulse ρI<jats:sub>sp</jats:sub> is a good measure for smaller volume. Other aspects such as safety, handling, toxicity, burn rate, hypergolicity, and the oxidizer to fuel O/F ratio, may affect the final choice of propellant ingredient combination. For mass‐limited systems hydrogen peroxide H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> or nitrogen tetroxide N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (the latter is toxic and hard to handle) oxidizers give the best results with most solid fuels (mainly hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene HTPB). For volume‐limited systems the same combinations may apply; however, in that case polyester fuel may be an adequate choice as well because of its high density. Nitrous oxide N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O is the most inadequate oxidizer for volume‐limited systems, yielding ρI<jats:sub>sp</jats:sub> lower by about 40 % compared to other oxidizers. Reducing the structure and insulation mass may result from decreasing the high‐pressure, high‐temperature section (the combustion chamber) and can be achieved from high O/F combinations employing N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O or H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> oxidizers. N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O gives relatively safe system, H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> enables hypergolic combinations, HNO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> is good for long‐term storage, whereas paraffin wax and expandable graphite additive yield high fuel regression rate and thrust. Overall, H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> oxidizer seems optimal for many operational aspects, but it should be chemically stabilized to minimize decomposition.\",\"PeriodicalId\":20800,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202400149\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202400149","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
Consideration of fuel and oxidizer combinations for mass and volume limited hybrid rocket motors
This research considers different storable oxidizer and fuel combinations for hybrid propulsion, looking for the most adequate candidates for mass and volume limited systems. High specific impulse Isp is the main indication for minimum mass, whereas high density specific impulse ρIsp is a good measure for smaller volume. Other aspects such as safety, handling, toxicity, burn rate, hypergolicity, and the oxidizer to fuel O/F ratio, may affect the final choice of propellant ingredient combination. For mass‐limited systems hydrogen peroxide H2O2 or nitrogen tetroxide N2O4 (the latter is toxic and hard to handle) oxidizers give the best results with most solid fuels (mainly hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene HTPB). For volume‐limited systems the same combinations may apply; however, in that case polyester fuel may be an adequate choice as well because of its high density. Nitrous oxide N2O is the most inadequate oxidizer for volume‐limited systems, yielding ρIsp lower by about 40 % compared to other oxidizers. Reducing the structure and insulation mass may result from decreasing the high‐pressure, high‐temperature section (the combustion chamber) and can be achieved from high O/F combinations employing N2O or H2O2 oxidizers. N2O gives relatively safe system, H2O2 enables hypergolic combinations, HNO3 is good for long‐term storage, whereas paraffin wax and expandable graphite additive yield high fuel regression rate and thrust. Overall, H2O2 oxidizer seems optimal for many operational aspects, but it should be chemically stabilized to minimize decomposition.
期刊介绍:
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics (PEP) is an international, peer-reviewed journal containing Full Papers, Short Communications, critical Reviews, as well as details of forthcoming meetings and book reviews concerned with the research, development and production in relation to propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics for all applications. Being the official journal of the International Pyrotechnics Society, PEP is a vital medium and the state-of-the-art forum for the exchange of science and technology in energetic materials. PEP is published 12 times a year.
PEP is devoted to advancing the science, technology and engineering elements in the storage and manipulation of chemical energy, specifically in propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics. Articles should provide scientific context, articulate impact, and be generally applicable to the energetic materials and wider scientific community. PEP is not a defense journal and does not feature the weaponization of materials and related systems or include information that would aid in the development or utilization of improvised explosive systems, e.g., synthesis routes to terrorist explosives.