人类改造的不同栖息地中寄主和寄生虫的相互关系

IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Oikos Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1111/oik.10446
Cristina Llopis‐Belenguer, Frida Feijen, Serge Morand, Kittipong Chaisiri, Alexis Ribas, Jukka Jokela
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引用次数: 0

摘要

宿主与寄生虫之间的相互作用受到现在和过去生态进化相互作用以及当地环境的影响。生态群落确定了每种寄生虫的潜在宿主范围和每种宿主物种的潜在寄生虫多样性。过去和现在的过程将寄生虫和宿主物种的潜在互动壁龛转化为现实。宿主与寄生虫之间的相互作用是拮抗性的,这可能会减缓其相互作用壁龛的饱和度。间隔性是双方位网络的一种特性,用于衡量相互作用壁龛的饱和度。当一个行业(如宿主)的物种与另一个行业(如寄生虫)的相互作用壁龛达到饱和时,群落的间隔性就会增加。宿主和寄生虫群落间性的驱动特征以及环境变化对这些群落间性的影响在很大程度上都是未知的。在我们的研究中,我们评估了 "系统发育相关性 "和 "生态相互作用重叠 "这两个特征是否能解释啮齿动物宿主-螺旋寄生虫群落的互生性。此外,我们还对比了这些群落的相互性,这些群落来自于不同的栖息地,而这些栖息地的人为改造历史各不相同。我们对寄生虫和宿主的相互作用壁龛进行了独立分析。我们的结果表明,寄主和寄生虫群落的非间隔性或间隔性明显低于偶然的预期。系统发育相关性和生态相互作用的重叠并不能解释最大间隔值。我们推测,宿主-寄生虫群落中的拮抗共同进化可能会阻碍群落达到饱和,这就解释了为什么很难找到解释群落间性的特征。有趣的是,寄生虫相互作用生态位(宿主范围)的互变性随着生境改造的增加而增加(即饱和度增加),而宿主相互作用生态位(寄生虫多样性)的互变性则随着生境改造的增加而减少。这些相反的趋势表明,寄生虫和宿主的相互作用生态位对生境改变的反应是不同的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Host and parasite intervality in differentially human‐modified habitats
Host–parasite interactions are influenced by present and past eco‐evolutionary interactions and the local environment. An ecological community defines the potential host range of each parasite and the potential parasite diversity of each host species. Past and present processes translate potential to realised interaction niches of parasite and host species. Host–parasite interactions are antagonistic, which may slow the saturation of their interaction niches. Intervality, a property of bipartite networks, measures saturation of interaction niches. Intervality of a community increases as the interaction niches of species of one guild (e.g. hosts) become saturated for their interactions with another guild (e.g. parasites). Characteristics driving intervality in host and parasite communities are largely unknown, as well as the effect of environmental change on intervality of these communities. In our study, we assess if the characteristics ‘phylogenetic relatedness' and ‘overlap in ecological interactions' explain intervality of rodent host–helminth parasite communities. In addition, we contrast intervality of these communities from habitats that differ in their history of human‐driven modification. We performed the analyses for the interaction niches of both parasites and hosts, independently. Our results indicated that host and parasite communities were non‐interval or significantly less interval than expected by chance. Phylogenetic relatedness and overlap in ecological interactions did not explain the maximum values of intervality. We speculate that antagonistic coevolution in host–parasite communities may hinder communities to reach saturation, which would explain why it is difficult to find the characteristics that explain intervality of a community. Interestingly, intervality of the interaction niche of parasites (host range) increased with habitat modification (i.e. saturation increased), whereas intervality of the interaction niche of hosts (parasite diversity) decreased as habitat modification increased. These opposite trends suggest that interaction niches of parasites and hosts respond differently to habitat modification.
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来源期刊
Oikos
Oikos 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
5.90%
发文量
152
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Oikos publishes original and innovative research on all aspects of ecology, defined as organism-environment interactions at various spatiotemporal scales, so including macroecology and evolutionary ecology. Emphasis is on theoretical and empirical work aimed at generalization and synthesis across taxa, systems and ecological disciplines. Papers can contribute to new developments in ecology by reporting novel theory or critical empirical results, and "synthesis" can include developing new theory, tests of general hypotheses, or bringing together established or emerging areas of ecology. Confirming or extending the established literature, by for example showing results that are novel for a new taxon, or purely applied research, is given low priority.
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