在大型强子对撞机上利用多粒子方位相关性探索核结构

ALICE Collaboration
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引用次数: 0

摘要

了解核结构有助于深入认识原子核的性质。本文利用大型强子对撞机上的ALICE探测器,在每个核子对的质量中心能量为$\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.44$ TeV的Xe$-$Xe对撞中,通过对各向异性流相关观测值的广泛测量,研究了$^{\rm 129}$Xe 的核结构细节,例如四极子变形和核扩散。考虑到$^\{rm 208}$Pb核没有变形,这些结果与在$\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV的Pb$-$Pb对撞中得到的结果进行了比较。此外,我们还利用IP-Glasma+MUSIC+UrQMD与最先进的混合模型进行了综合比较。结果发现,在不同核参数值的IP-Glasma+MUSIC+UrQMD计算中,使用核扩散参数$a_0=0.492$和核四极变形参数$\beta_2=0.207$的计算能更好地描述所呈现的流动测量结果。这些研究迈出了重要的一步,有助于深入探索超相对论能量下核对撞的成像能力,以及寻找核结构对大型强子对撞机重离子对撞中各种流动观测数据的影响。这些发现证明了在TeV能级进行核结构研究的潜力,并强调大型强子对撞机实验可以补充现有的核结构研究低能实验。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Exploring nuclear structure with multiparticle azimuthal correlations at the LHC
Understanding nuclear structure provides essential insights into the properties of atomic nuclei. In this paper, details of the nuclear structure of $^{\rm 129}$Xe, such as the quadrupole deformation and the nuclear diffuseness, are studied by extensive measurements of anisotropic-flow-related observables in Xe$-$Xe collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.44$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The results are compared with those from Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV for a baseline, given that the $^{\rm 208}$Pb nucleus is not deformed. Furthermore, comprehensive comparisons are performed with a state-of-the-art hybrid model using IP-Glasma+MUSIC+UrQMD. It is found that among various IP-Glasma+MUSIC+UrQMD calculations with different values of nuclear parameters, the one using a nuclear diffuseness parameter of $a_0=0.492$ and a nuclear quadrupole deformation parameter of $\beta_2=0.207$ provides a better description of the presented flow measurements. These studies represent an important step towards a thorough exploration of the imaging power of nuclear collisions at ultrarelativistic energy and the search for the imprint of nuclear structure on various flow observables in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. The findings demonstrate the potential of nuclear structure studies at the TeV energy scale and highlight that the LHC experiments can complement existing low-energy experiments on nuclear structure studies.
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