狒狒群体内早期哺乳同步性高可预测婴儿死亡率上升

Jack C. Winans, Niki H. Learn, I. Long'ida Siodi, J. Kinyua Warutere, Elizabeth A. Archie, Jenny Tung, Susan C. Alberts, A. Catherine Markham
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摘要

社会群体的组成可以决定隶属和竞争性互动的机会,从而对群体成员的健康产生影响。当许多群友同时有幼仔时,雌性之间的竞争可能会特别激烈,从而对幼仔的存活造成潜在影响。在这里,我们利用数十年来对肯尼亚安博塞利野生狒狒(Papio sp.)的数据,研究了 "早期哺乳同步性"(这里指群体中婴儿出生 90 天的雌性比例)对雌-雌性激动互动和婴儿存活的影响。由于哺乳早期对母亲来说是能量消耗大的时期,而对婴儿来说则是风险高的时期,因此我们预计哺乳早期同步会加剧对食物和/或雄性保护者的竞争,从而导致更频繁的雌-雌激动互动和更高的婴儿死亡率。为了支持这些预测,我们发现雌性与雌性之间的激动互动频率随着哺乳期早期同步性的增加而增加。生殖状态会影响这种关系:当早期泌乳同步性高时,处于所有状态(周期、怀孕和产后闭经)的雌性都会发起更多的激动互动,但只有产后闭经的雌性(包括但不限于早期泌乳的雌性)才会获得更多的激动互动。此外,虽然早期泌乳同步性高的情况很少见,但它却能强烈预测婴儿死亡率。这种关联可能是成年雌性的攻击行为和围青春期雌性的杀婴行为造成的。这些发现提供了新的证据,证明社会动态可能会影响非季节性繁殖动物的生殖物候学。具体来说,繁殖期雌性之间的竞争和非繁殖期雌性的骚扰可能会阻碍同步繁殖。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
High early lactational synchrony within baboon groups predicts increased infant mortality
Social group composition can have fitness implications for group members by determining opportunities for affiliative and competitive interactions. Female-female competition may be particularly acute when many groupmates have young infants at the same time, with potential consequences for infant survival. Here, we used decades of data on wild baboons (Papio sp.) in Amboseli, Kenya, to examine the effects of "early lactational synchrony" (here, the proportion of females in a group with an infant <90 days old) on female-female agonistic interactions and infant survival. Because early lactation is an energetically demanding time for mothers and a risky time for infants, we expected early lactational synchrony to produce intensified competition for food and/or male protectors, resulting in more frequent female-female agonistic interactions and high infant mortality. In support of these predictions, we found that the frequency of female-female agonistic interactions increased with increasing early lactational synchrony. Reproductive state affected this relationship: while females in all states (cycling, pregnant, and postpartum amenorrhea) initiated more agonistic interactions when early lactational synchrony was high, only females in postpartum amenorrhea (including, but not limited to, females in early lactation) received more agonistic interactions. Furthermore, while high early lactational synchrony was rare, it strongly predicted infant mortality. This association may result from both aggression among adult females and infanticidal behavior by peripubertal females. These findings provide novel evidence that social dynamics may shape reproductive phenology in a nonseasonal breeder. Specifically, both competition among reproductive females and harassment from nonreproductive females may select against synchronous reproduction.
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