Khyati Girdhar, Keiichiro Mine, Jeffrey M DaCosta, Mark A Atkinson, Johnny Ludvigsson, Emrah Altindis
{"title":"T1D 患者和进展期患者体内细胞因子、趋化因子和生长因子的性别特异性特征","authors":"Khyati Girdhar, Keiichiro Mine, Jeffrey M DaCosta, Mark A Atkinson, Johnny Ludvigsson, Emrah Altindis","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.05.611513","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"While studies have reported altered levels of cytokines in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, the results are inconsistent, likely because of variable factors. This study tests the hypothesis that there are sex-based differences in cytokine levels in T1D, prior to and after disease onset. We analyzed 48 blood cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor levels using a multiplex assay. We found only two cytokines, M-CSF and IL-6, with significant differences between T1D patients (n=25) versus controls overall (n=25). However, we identified notable alterations when comparing sex-age-matched controls and T1D samples. Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1a), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13), and chemokines (MIP-1α, RANTES, MIP-3) were lower in female T1D patients compared to female controls, but not in males. IL-22 was lower in female T1D patients compared to female controls, while it was higher in male T1D patients compared to male controls. In contrast, growth factors (EGF, PDGF-AB/BB) were higher in male T1D patients compared to male controls. In T1D progressors (children who developed the disease years after the sample collection, n=16-21), GROa was lower compared to controls in both sexes. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding sex-specific differences in T1D pathogenesis and their implications for developing personalized treatments.","PeriodicalId":501182,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Immunology","volume":"264 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Sex-Specific Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factor Signatures in T1D Patients and Progressors\",\"authors\":\"Khyati Girdhar, Keiichiro Mine, Jeffrey M DaCosta, Mark A Atkinson, Johnny Ludvigsson, Emrah Altindis\",\"doi\":\"10.1101/2024.09.05.611513\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"While studies have reported altered levels of cytokines in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, the results are inconsistent, likely because of variable factors. This study tests the hypothesis that there are sex-based differences in cytokine levels in T1D, prior to and after disease onset. We analyzed 48 blood cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor levels using a multiplex assay. We found only two cytokines, M-CSF and IL-6, with significant differences between T1D patients (n=25) versus controls overall (n=25). However, we identified notable alterations when comparing sex-age-matched controls and T1D samples. Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1a), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13), and chemokines (MIP-1α, RANTES, MIP-3) were lower in female T1D patients compared to female controls, but not in males. IL-22 was lower in female T1D patients compared to female controls, while it was higher in male T1D patients compared to male controls. In contrast, growth factors (EGF, PDGF-AB/BB) were higher in male T1D patients compared to male controls. In T1D progressors (children who developed the disease years after the sample collection, n=16-21), GROa was lower compared to controls in both sexes. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding sex-specific differences in T1D pathogenesis and their implications for developing personalized treatments.\",\"PeriodicalId\":501182,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"bioRxiv - Immunology\",\"volume\":\"264 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"bioRxiv - Immunology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.05.611513\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"bioRxiv - Immunology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.05.611513","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Sex-Specific Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factor Signatures in T1D Patients and Progressors
While studies have reported altered levels of cytokines in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, the results are inconsistent, likely because of variable factors. This study tests the hypothesis that there are sex-based differences in cytokine levels in T1D, prior to and after disease onset. We analyzed 48 blood cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor levels using a multiplex assay. We found only two cytokines, M-CSF and IL-6, with significant differences between T1D patients (n=25) versus controls overall (n=25). However, we identified notable alterations when comparing sex-age-matched controls and T1D samples. Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1a), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13), and chemokines (MIP-1α, RANTES, MIP-3) were lower in female T1D patients compared to female controls, but not in males. IL-22 was lower in female T1D patients compared to female controls, while it was higher in male T1D patients compared to male controls. In contrast, growth factors (EGF, PDGF-AB/BB) were higher in male T1D patients compared to male controls. In T1D progressors (children who developed the disease years after the sample collection, n=16-21), GROa was lower compared to controls in both sexes. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding sex-specific differences in T1D pathogenesis and their implications for developing personalized treatments.