空间服务系统中的需求均衡

John Gunnar Carlsson, Xiaoshan Peng, Ilya O. Ryzhov
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摘要

问题的定义:在某地理区域的某些地点("设施")提供一种服务。客户可以出现在该地区的任何地方,每个客户都会根据旅行距离和预期等待时间来选择设施。客户的决定会增加设施的负荷,从而影响等待时间,进而影响其他客户的决定。服务提供商还可以通过调整各设施的服务费率来影响服务质量。方法/结果:我们结合使用排队模型和计算几何,描述了此类空间服务系统中的需求均衡。平衡点可视化为将区域划分为服务区,服务区的形成是客户决策的结果。通过分散的客户行为,服务费率的设定可以实现最佳的社会福利。管理意义:我们提供了计算和可视化需求均衡以及计算最佳服务费率的技术。我们的分析和数值结果表明,在许多情况下,资源分配是比分散行为更重要的低效率来源:J. G. Carlsson 由 METRANS 运输联盟 [NCST-USC-RR-24-12 号拨款] 和海军研究办公室 [N00014-24-1-2277-P00001 号拨款] 资助:在线附录见 https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0434 。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Demand Equilibria in Spatial Service Systems
Problem definition: A service is offered at certain locations (“facilities”) in a geographical region. Customers can appear anywhere in the region, and each customer chooses a facility based on travel distance as well as expected waiting time. Customer decisions affect waiting times by increasing the load on a facility, and thus, they impact other customers’ decisions. The service provider can also influence service quality by adjusting service rates at each facility. Methodology/results: Using a combination of queueing models and computational geometry, we characterize demand equilibria in such spatial service systems. An equilibrium can be visualized as a partition of the region into service zones that form as a result of customer decisions. Service rates can be set in a way that achieves the best-possible social welfare purely through decentralized customer behavior. Managerial implications: We provide techniques for computing and visualizing demand equilibria as well as calculating optimal service rates. Our analytical and numerical results indicate that in many situations, resource allocation is a far more significant source of inefficiency than decentralized behavior.Funding: J. G. Carlsson was funded by the METRANS Transportation Consortium [Grant NCST-USC-RR-24-12] and the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-24-1-2277-P00001].Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0434 .
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