用再生水灌溉土壤的一氧化二氮排放决定因素和途径

Agronomy Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI:10.3390/agronomy14092089
Yanbing Chi, Chenchen Wei, Peiling Yang, Ning Ma
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摘要

再生水(RW)作为一种可靠、可再生的二次水源,已成为许多国家补充农业用水、缓解水资源短缺的重要战略。然而,尽管再生水的使用越来越多,但对再生水灌溉下影响土壤一氧化二氮(N2O)排放的因素的研究却很有限。了解这些因素对于指导农村水利灌溉实践和控制温室气体排放至关重要。这项研究于 2014 年至 2015 年进行,包括旨在系统评估灌溉条件下土壤化学特性和温度对土壤一氧化二氮排放影响的田间试验。在这些田间研究之后,还收集了土壤样本进行 15N 同位素试验,以考察 RW 对土壤 N2O 生成过程(包括自养硝化、异养硝化和反硝化)的影响。结果表明,RW 灌溉通过影响土壤 pH 值来影响土壤 N2O 排放,而不是通过改变土壤全氮 (TN) 或土壤有机碳 (SOC) 含量来影响。此外,与地下水(UW)灌溉相比,RW 灌溉显著降低了土壤 N2O 排放对温度的敏感性。15N 同位素标记试验表明,自养硝化是 RW 灌溉条件下产生土壤 N2O 的主要途径,其贡献率为 60.46%,明显高于 UW 灌溉条件下的贡献率。与 RW 相比,经过初级处理的污水(PW)通过异养硝化过程显著增加了土壤中 N2O 的排放量,贡献率从 11.31% 上升到 13.23%。此外,与 UW 相比,RW 显著增加了土壤硝化基因(氨氧化古细菌 [AOA-amoA])和反硝化基因(亚硝酸盐还原酶 [nirK 和 nirS])的拷贝数。因此,在 RW 灌溉条件下,适当控制硝化过程和平衡土壤 pH 值对控制土壤 N2O 排放非常重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Determinants and Pathways of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soil Irrigated with Reclaimed Water
Reclaimed water (RW), as a reliable and renewable secondary water source, has become a crucial strategy for many countries to supplement agricultural water usage and alleviate water scarcity. However, despite the increasing use of RW, there has been limited research on the factors affecting soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions under RW irrigation. Understanding these factors is essential for guiding RW irrigation practices and controlling greenhouse gas emissions. This research, conducted from 2014 to 2015, includes field experiments designed to systematically assess the effects of soil chemistry properties and temperature on soil N2O emissions under RW irrigation. Subsequent to these field studies, soil samples were collected for 15N isotope trials to examine the impact of RW on the soil N2O production process, including autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, and denitrification. The results showed that RW irrigation influenced soil N2O emissions by affecting soil pH, but not through changes in soil total nitrogen (TN) or soil organic carbon (SOC) content. Moreover, compared to groundwater (UW) irrigation, RW irrigation significantly reduced the temperature sensitivity of soil N2O emissions. The 15N isotope labeling trial indicated that autotrophic nitrification was the primary pathway for soil N2O production under RW irrigation, contributing 60.46%—significantly higher than that observed with UW irrigation. Primary treated sewage (PW) significantly increased soil N2O emissions through the heterotrophic nitrification process compared to RW, with contributions rising from 11.31% to 13.23%. Additionally, RW, compared to UW, significantly increased the copy numbers of soil nitrification genes (ammonia-oxidizing archaea [AOA-amoA]) and denitrification genes (nitrite reductase [nirK and nirS]). Therefore, it is important to appropriately control the nitrification process and balance soil pH to manage soil N2O emissions under RW irrigation.
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