不同生物炭对菊花连作土壤性质和微生物群落结构的调节作用

Agronomy Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI:10.3390/agronomy14092034
Yang Feng, Xin Hu, Yanhuan Guan, Zhixuan Chu, Xianfeng Du, Yuyan Xie, Shiqi Yang, Siru Ye, Lei Zhang, Jinyi Ma, Haoming Chen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

菊花是一种具有观赏、药用和食用价值的农业经济作物,在种植过程中面临着连作障碍的问题。作为解决连作障碍的潜在土壤改良剂,生物炭在菊花种植中的应用已成为研究热点。本研究通过盆栽实验,探讨了三种不同类型的生物炭(稻草生物炭 = RB、猪粪生物炭 = PB 和污泥生物炭 = SB)对连续种植八年的菊花土壤的影响。结果表明,添加生物炭能显著减少土壤失水。与 CK 相比,SB 和 PB 处理的保水率分别提高了 25.4% 和 18.4%。在 PB 处理中,可用磷(AP)和可用钾(AK)的含量分别增加了 85% 和 164%。在 SB 处理中,可利用氮(AN)含量的增幅最大。三种生物炭都能改善菊花土壤中 CCOs 的 pH 值(提高了 0.4-5.4%)。微生物群落多样性结果表明,与 CK 相比,PB 和 RB 稍微降低了含 CCOs 菊花土壤中细菌群落的多样性(分别降低了 1.50%和 0.41%)。然而,SB 处理增加了含 CCOs 菊花土壤中细菌群落的多样性(增加了 0.41%)。同时,SB 和 PB 显著抑制了真菌群落的多样性(分别减少了 15.15% 和 6.67%),而 RB 则促进了真菌群落的多样性(增加了 5.45%)。此外,细菌门和属的分析结果表明,PB 和 SB 对有益细菌门放线菌(8.66% 和 4.64%)和有益细菌属诺卡氏菌(23.29% 和 9.69%)有增强作用。此外,PB 处理还提高了有益细菌门固醇菌(7.03%)。对真菌属和真菌门的分析结果表明,PB 增加了有益真菌门子囊菌(1.51%)。而 RB 则明显增加了有益真菌的链格孢属(56.34%)。此外,三种生物炭都有效地减少了有害真菌门 Basidiomycota 的数量(30.37-73.03%)。在 PB 和 SB 处理中,有害真菌门粘菌显著减少(分别减少 36.22% 和 62.60%)。最后,三种生物炭都降低了有害真菌属 Acremonium(1.15%-35.19%)和 Phoma(97.1%-98.7%)的丰度。本研究通过盆栽实验研究了三种生物炭(RB、PB 和 SB)对菊花连作土壤的影响,发现它们能显著减少水分流失,提高保水性,增加土壤养分含量,改善 pH 值,调节微生物群落,增加有益微生物,减少有害微生物。这些成果为解决连作障碍提供了科学依据,同时支持了农业的可持续性和生态农业的发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Regulatory Effects of Different Biochar on Soil Properties and Microbial Community Structure in Chrysanthemum Continuous Cropping Soil
Chrysanthemum, an agricultural economic crop with ornamental, medicinal, and edible values, faces the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in its cultivation. As a potential soil conditioner used to address continuous cropping obstacles (CCOs), the applicability of biochar in chrysanthemum cultivation has become a research hotspot. This study explored the effects of three different types of biochar (rice straw biochar = RB, pig manure biochar = PB, and sludge biochar = SB) on soil for chrysanthemum that had been continuously cultivated for eight years through pot experiments. The results indicate that the addition of biochar significantly reduced soil water loss. Compared with CK, the water retention rates of the SB and PB treatments increased by 25.4% and 18.4%, respectively. In the PB treatment, the contents of available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) increased by 85% and 164%, respectively. The available nitrogen (AN) content showed the highest increase under the SB treatment. All three types of biochar could improve the pH value of chrysanthemum soil with CCOs (increased by 0.4–5.4%). The results of microbial community diversity showed that, compared with CK, PB and RB slightly reduced the diversity of bacterial communities in chrysanthemum soil with CCOs (by 1.50% and 0.41%, respectively). However, the SB treatment increased the diversity of bacterial communities in chrysanthemum soil with CCOs (by 0.41%). At the same time, SB and PB significantly inhibited the diversity of fungal communities (reduced by 15.15% and 6.67%, respectively), while RB promoted the diversity of fungal communities (increased by 5.45%). Furthermore, the analysis results of bacterial phyla and genera indicated that PB and SB had enhancing effects on the beneficial bacterial phylum Actinobacteriota (8.66% and 4.64%) and the beneficial bacterial genus Nocardioides (23.29% and 9.69%). Additionally, the PB treatment enhanced the beneficial bacterial phylum Firmicutes (7.03%). The analysis results of fungal genera and phyla indicated that PB contributed to an increase in the beneficial fungal phylum Ascomycota (1.51%). RB significantly enhanced the beneficial fungal genus Chaetomium (56.34%). Additionally, all three types of biochar effectively reduced the abundance of the harmful fungal phylum Basidiomycota (30.37–73.03%). In the PB and SB treatments, the harmful fungal phylum Mucoromycota was significantly decreased (by 36.22% and 62.60%, respectively). Finally, all three types of biochar reduced the abundance of harmful fungal genera Acremonium (1.15–35.19%) and Phoma (97.1–98.7%). In this study, we investigated the effect of three kinds of biochar (RB, PB, and SB) on the soil of chrysanthemum continuous cropping through potting experiments and found that they could significantly reduce water loss, enhance water retention, increase the soil nutrient content, improve the pH value, regulate microbial communities, increase beneficial microorganisms, and reduce harmful microorganisms. These results provide a scientific basis for addressing barriers to continuous cropping (CC) while supporting the sustainability of agriculture and the development of agroecology.
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