潮汐淡水三角洲鲑鱼捕食的人为和环境风险因素

IF 2.8 2区生物学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Freshwater Biology Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI:10.1111/fwb.14321

T. Reid Nelson, Brendan M. Lehman, Nicholas J. Demetras, Lance Takata, Matthew J. Young, Frederick Feyrer, Cyril J. Michel

引用次数: 0

摘要

支持农业和市政用水的引水工程会通过夹带和撞击造成鱼类死亡。此外，这些基础设施可能会吸引捕食者和猎物鱼类，从而增加这些人为接触点附近的捕食率和猎物死亡率。位于加利福尼亚中央河谷的萨克拉门托-圣华金三角洲（三角洲）是一个潮汐淡水生态系统，它输出大量的水用于市政和农业，同时也为濒危鱼类提供了宝贵的洄游和繁殖栖息地。迁徙的幼年鲑鱼在三角洲的死亡率很高，非本地鱼类的捕食是主要原因。因此，这项研究有三个主要目标。首先，我们确定小型引水是否会像淡水生态系统中的其他类似结构一样聚集食鱼鱼类。第二，结合其他已知的捕食风险因素（如捕食者数量、温度和水深），确定小型引水工程如何影响幼年鲑鱼的捕食风险。第三，我们评估了捕食者的组合、丰度和分布，以确定目标一和目标二中可能的捕食者组成。在整个 2021 年春季，我们使用 ARIS（自适应分辨率成像声纳；Sound Metrics）声纳来比较北三角洲 30 个分水口与不包含这些结构的分水口附近海岸线的食鱼动物丰度。我们使用捕食事件记录器 (PER) 评估幼年鲑鱼所面临的捕食风险、与引水渠的线性距离（米）以及北三角洲的其他捕食风险因素。最后，我们使用船上电鱼调查来确定食鱼动物群落，并比较这些水道中黑鲈鱼（Micropterus spp.）CPUE 和相对丰度的空间趋势。与邻近的海岸线相比，小型引水道附近的鱼类丰度更高，幼年鲑鱼的捕食风险随着引水道的靠近而增加。此外，捕食风险随着鱼类丰度的增加和水深的降低而增加。北三角洲捕食者组合以黑鲈（Micropterus spp.）为主，考虑到这些物种对栖息地的要求，这可能导致捕食风险与水深呈负相关。此外，考虑到小口鲈鱼（Micropterus dolomieu）和斑点鲈鱼（Micropterus punctulatus）对新陈代谢的要求，北部研究地点小口鲈鱼（Micropterus dolomieu）和斑点鲈鱼（Micropterus punctulatus）数量的增加可能会削弱温度对捕食的影响。我们的工作表明，小规模引水可能会增加濒危鲑科鱼类的死亡率，而且北三角洲捕食者组合与该系统以前的工作记录不同，从而改变了捕食风险因素。虽然还需要做更多的工作来确定引水对种群的影响，但由于这些结构无处不在，因此有必要采取管理办法来降低这一来源造成的死亡率。这些结果表明，除了夹带和撞击外，引水还可能通过吸引捕食者和提高捕食风险来增加小体型鱼类的死亡率。鉴于人类对淡水的持续需求，在评估取水口基础设施缓解措施时，应将捕食者与猎物之间的相互作用与夹带和撞击一并考虑，尤其是当引水同时出现在洄游路线和濒危鱼类的重要栖息地时。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Anthropogenic and environmental risk factors of salmonid predation in a tidal freshwater delta

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Anthropogenic and environmental risk factors of salmonid predation in a tidal freshwater delta

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来源期刊

Freshwater Biology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

3.70%

发文量

162

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Freshwater Biology publishes papers on all aspects of the ecology of inland waters, including rivers and lakes, ground waters, flood plains and other freshwater wetlands. We include studies of micro-organisms, algae, macrophytes, invertebrates, fish and other vertebrates, as well as those concerning whole systems and related physical and chemical aspects of the environment, provided that they have clear biological relevance. Studies may focus at any level in the ecological hierarchy from physiological ecology and animal behaviour, through population dynamics and evolutionary genetics, to community interactions, biogeography and ecosystem functioning. They may also be at any scale: from microhabitat to landscape, and continental to global. Preference is given to research, whether meta-analytical, experimental, theoretical or descriptive, highlighting causal (ecological) mechanisms from which clearly stated hypotheses are derived. Manuscripts with an experimental or conceptual flavour are particularly welcome, as are those or which integrate laboratory and field work, and studies from less well researched areas of the world. Priority is given to submissions that are likely to interest a wide range of readers. We encourage submission of papers well grounded in ecological theory that deal with issues related to the conservation and management of inland waters. Papers interpreting fundamental research in a way that makes clear its applied, strategic or socio-economic relevance are also welcome. Review articles (FRESHWATER BIOLOGY REVIEWS) and discussion papers (OPINION) are also invited: these enable authors to publish high-quality material outside the constraints of standard research papers.