Muhannad Ahmad Atmeh, Bassam Mohammad Maali, Usama Fendi
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This theoretical model can be the foundation for future empirical and statistical testing.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\n<h3>Findings</h3>\n<p>The proposed model advocates omitting the financial assets/liabilities when determining the Zakah base for companies, as the Zakah burden relies on the owner of the real asset. The paper elaborates on the implementation of the model on debts, investments and cash accounts.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\n<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\n<p>The paper does not investigate whether or not the accounting approach in dealing with financial contracts is deemed acceptable by Fiqh scholars, nor does it discuss whether or not this may affect the Zakah fatwas regarding these types of accounts.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\n<h3>Practical implications</h3>\n<p>The paper establishes a conceptual framework for the Zakah on financial assets. This will pave the way for future empirical research and testing to validate the framework in different contexts. In addition, if regulators adopt this model and apply it to all companies, it would promote fairness and justice at the national level.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\n<h3>Social implications</h3>\n<p>The proposed model advocates omitting the financial assets/liabilities when determining the Zakah base for companies, as the Zakah burden relies on the owner of the real asset. The paper elaborates on the implementation of the model on debts, investments and cash accounts.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\n<h3>Originality/value</h3>\n<p>To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to utilize the accounting approach in order to determine the amount of Zakah.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":47091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A proposed model for Zakah on financial instruments: accounting approach\",\"authors\":\"Muhannad Ahmad Atmeh, Bassam Mohammad Maali, Usama Fendi\",\"doi\":\"10.1108/imefm-01-2024-0055\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<h3>Purpose</h3>\\n<p>This paper aims to propose a model of Zakah treatment for financial instruments. The model depends on the link between the financial assets and liabilities that emerge from a financial instrument contract.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\\n<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\\n<p>The determination of Zakah on contemporary financial instruments is controversial, with various conflicting Fatwas being presented. This paper introduces a theoretical model that integrates Fiqh rules, accounting, finance and economic principles to propose a method for calculating Zakah on financial instruments. This theoretical model can be the foundation for future empirical and statistical testing.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\\n<h3>Findings</h3>\\n<p>The proposed model advocates omitting the financial assets/liabilities when determining the Zakah base for companies, as the Zakah burden relies on the owner of the real asset. The paper elaborates on the implementation of the model on debts, investments and cash accounts.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\\n<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\\n<p>The paper does not investigate whether or not the accounting approach in dealing with financial contracts is deemed acceptable by Fiqh scholars, nor does it discuss whether or not this may affect the Zakah fatwas regarding these types of accounts.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\\n<h3>Practical implications</h3>\\n<p>The paper establishes a conceptual framework for the Zakah on financial assets. This will pave the way for future empirical research and testing to validate the framework in different contexts. 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A proposed model for Zakah on financial instruments: accounting approach
Purpose
This paper aims to propose a model of Zakah treatment for financial instruments. The model depends on the link between the financial assets and liabilities that emerge from a financial instrument contract.
Design/methodology/approach
The determination of Zakah on contemporary financial instruments is controversial, with various conflicting Fatwas being presented. This paper introduces a theoretical model that integrates Fiqh rules, accounting, finance and economic principles to propose a method for calculating Zakah on financial instruments. This theoretical model can be the foundation for future empirical and statistical testing.
Findings
The proposed model advocates omitting the financial assets/liabilities when determining the Zakah base for companies, as the Zakah burden relies on the owner of the real asset. The paper elaborates on the implementation of the model on debts, investments and cash accounts.
Research limitations/implications
The paper does not investigate whether or not the accounting approach in dealing with financial contracts is deemed acceptable by Fiqh scholars, nor does it discuss whether or not this may affect the Zakah fatwas regarding these types of accounts.
Practical implications
The paper establishes a conceptual framework for the Zakah on financial assets. This will pave the way for future empirical research and testing to validate the framework in different contexts. In addition, if regulators adopt this model and apply it to all companies, it would promote fairness and justice at the national level.
Social implications
The proposed model advocates omitting the financial assets/liabilities when determining the Zakah base for companies, as the Zakah burden relies on the owner of the real asset. The paper elaborates on the implementation of the model on debts, investments and cash accounts.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to utilize the accounting approach in order to determine the amount of Zakah.
期刊介绍：
The International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management (IMEFM) publishes quality and in-depth analysis on current issues within Islamic and Middle Eastern finance and management. The journal welcomes strong evidence-based empirical studies and results-focused case studies that share research in product development and clarify best practices. The title is also keen to consider work from emerging authors. IMEFM has just also accepted into Clarivate''s SSCI in 2018, and its IF will be available in summer 2019, with citations dating from 2016. The coverage includes but is not limited to: -Islamic finance: Fundamentals, trends and opportunities in Islamic Finance, Islamic banking and financial markets, Risk management, Corporate finance, Investment strategy, Islamic social finance, Financial planning, Housing finance, Legal and regulatory issues, -Islamic management: Corporate governance, Customer relationship management and service quality, Business ethics and corporate social responsibility, Management styles and strategies in Shariah environments, Labour and welfare economics, Political economy. The journal is the only title aiming to give an interdisciplinary and holistic view on Islamic finance and business management practices in order to inform these two intertwined communities.
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