Survival of the Exserohilum rostratum causal leaf spot of wheat and dissemination, infection behaviour from flower-seed-seedlings

The experiment was conducted on the survival of Exserohilum rostratum through different sources i.e. soil, plant debris, and seed and also observed the infection percentage from wheat flower to seed. It was found that the survival of E. rostratum frequency varied in soil from (0.00–29.29%), plant debris (0.97–27.17%) and seed (3.26–24.80%). The maximum temperature, relative humidity (RH, morning), and rainfall were negatively correlated, while the minimum temperature and relative humidity (RH, evening) were positively correlated with the survival of the pathogen. The dissemination infection percentage on the palea in WAMI1 of (63.33%) was higher, followed by Lemma in WAMI 10 (40.74%) and the least transmission in Glume of (29.63%) in both WAMI-8 and WAMI-9, respectively. The seedling infection on susceptible variety showed black spots with blighted appearance lesions on primary leaf and histopathological test conducted on post-anthesis stage. The purpose of the investigation is to understand the survival of the pathogen in the absence of host and floral infection biology. Furthermore, this information is useful for integrated disease control measures in the future.