亚非灵长类牙齿多样性的进化启示

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI:10.3390/d16090565
Hao Pan, He Zhang, Dionisios Youlatos, Jing Wang, Gang He, Songtao Guo, Kang Huang, Rong Hou, Ruliang Pan, Gu Fang, Yuli Li, Pei Zhang, Baoguo Li
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引用次数: 0

摘要

亚洲和非洲秧鸡科(Cercopithecidae)之间的进化发展和系统发育划分在遗传学、分子生物学、行为学和形态学方面引起了极大的关注。然而,人们较少关注它们在分化后的形态演变情况,即疣鼻猴科(Colobinae)和秧鸡科(Cercopithecinae)分别在大约 1000 万年前和 5-700 万年前分化后的形态演变情况,这与两大洲在地貌、气候、栖息地和生态方面的显著差异和多样性相对应。本研究探讨了这种差异和多样性是否反映在牙齿形态上。我们的研究结果表明,Hylobatidae和Cercopithecidae之间以及Colobinae和Cercopithecinae之间存在着巨大的差异,这表明尺寸调整后的牙齿变异主要揭示了与进化和系统发育惯性相关的多样性。有趣的是,尽管亚非疣猴的分化较早,但其欧氏距离与亚非栉猴相当。这意味着,由于猕猴在同一块大陆上的广泛分散和更广泛的适应性辐射,后来者(猕猴)表现出了与疣猴相当的多样性。疣猴的前臼齿和臼齿区更为发达。然而,如果只考虑犬齿后牙,疣猴科的臼齿尺寸明显大于亚洲的栉齿科,而非洲的栉齿科则不然。这与食叶灵长类(疣齿灵长类)的犬齿后臼齿大于食俭灵长类(栉齿灵长类)的假说相矛盾。非洲栉水母类的臼齿相当大,这肯定与它们更突出、更大的面部结构有关,而不是一种特定的饮食偏好,因为它们的臼齿种类比亚洲同类少--这是一种系统进化的特征。这项研究还为进一步探索栉水母科和疣鼻猴科大陆类群之间的面部和颅骨差异,深入研究地理和气候适应所导致的多样性变化铺平了道路。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evolutionary Insights from Dental Diversity in Afro-Asian Primates
The evolutionary development and phylogenetic division between Asian and African cercopithecoids (Cercopithecidae) have attracted significant attention in genetics, molecular biology, behavior, and morphology. However, less emphasis has been placed on how they have evolved morphologically after divergence, approximately 10 million years ago (mya) for Colobinae and 5–7 mya for Cercopithecinae, corresponding to the significant variation and diversity in landscape, climate, habitat, and ecologies between the two continents. This study examines whether such variation and diversity have been reflected in dental morphology. Our findings reveal substantial differences between Hylobatidae and Cercopithecidae, as well as between Colobinae and Cercopithecinae, indicating that size-adjusted dental variation mainly reveals the diversity associated with evolution and phylogenetic inertia. Interestingly, despite the earlier divergence of Afro-Asian colobines, their Euclidean Distance is comparable to that of Afro-Asian cercopithecines. This implies that latecomers (macaques) demonstrate equivalent diversity to colobines due to their extensive dispersion and broader adaptative radiation on the same continent. Colobinae exhibit more developed premolar and molar regions. However, when post-canine teeth are considered alone, Colobinae present a significantly larger molar size than Asian Cercopithecinae but not with the African Cercopihecinae. This contradicts the hypothesis that folivorous primates (Colobinae) have larger post-canine molars than frugivorous ones (Cercopithecinae). The considerable molar size in African Cercopithecinae must be associated with their more protrusive and larger facial structure rather than a specific dietary preference, being less diverse than their Asian counterparts—a trait that has evolved phylogenetically. This study also paves the way for further exploration of facial and cranial differences between the continental groups of Cercopithecinae and Colobinae, delving deeply into diversity variation due to geographical and climatic adaptations.
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