{"title":"利用氧化锆催化剂作为酸催化剂(SO4/ZrO2)和碱催化剂(ZrO2/CaO)将废食用油转化为生物柴油","authors":"Remi Ayu Pratika, Zahrotun Nafisah, Yuliana Yuliana, Syarpin Syarpin, Rendy Muhamad Iqbal, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Karna Wijaya","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09520-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zirconium (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) was synthesized from Zirconium Oxychloride (ZrOCl<sub>2</sub>.8H<sub>2</sub>O) using hydrothermal method. Modification of ZrO<sub>2</sub> as an acid catalyst (SO<sub>4</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub>) was made by adding 0.5; 1; and 1.5 M sulfuric acid solutions to ZrO<sub>2</sub>. The sulfation process was confirmed by formation of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> ion spectrum in 1238–1001 cm<sup>−1</sup> region and resulted presence of elemental sulfur with mass percentage of 1.36%. The catalyst acidity test showed 1.5 M SO<sub>4</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst as catalyst with the highest acidity value. The application of 1.5 M SO<sub>4</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst in the esterification reaction of used cooking oil resulted decreasing of free fatty acid content up to 55.33%. In the another, preparation of basic catalyst, ZrO<sub>2</sub>/CaO was carried out by the addition of Calcium oxide (CaO) to ZrO<sub>2</sub> in three concentrations group of 25, 30, and 35%. The results, we found the catalyst with optimal basicity value in group 30% ZrO<sub>2</sub>/CaO. In addition, the 30% ZrO<sub>2</sub>/CaO catalyst has CaZrO<sub>3</sub> and lime-CaO crystal phases; exfoliated surface morphology and result Zirconium and Calcium of 7.41 and 42.83%, respectively. Furthermore, biodiesel production from used cooking oil using 30% ZrO<sub>2</sub>/CaO catalyst produces biodiesel with good conversion percentage of 94.00%.</p>","PeriodicalId":8109,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Conversion of Used Cooking Oil into Biodiesel by Utilizing Zirconia Catalyst as Acid Catalyst (SO4/ZrO2) and Base Catalyst (ZrO2/CaO)\",\"authors\":\"Remi Ayu Pratika, Zahrotun Nafisah, Yuliana Yuliana, Syarpin Syarpin, Rendy Muhamad Iqbal, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Karna Wijaya\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s13369-024-09520-6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Zirconium (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) was synthesized from Zirconium Oxychloride (ZrOCl<sub>2</sub>.8H<sub>2</sub>O) using hydrothermal method. Modification of ZrO<sub>2</sub> as an acid catalyst (SO<sub>4</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub>) was made by adding 0.5; 1; and 1.5 M sulfuric acid solutions to ZrO<sub>2</sub>. The sulfation process was confirmed by formation of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> ion spectrum in 1238–1001 cm<sup>−1</sup> region and resulted presence of elemental sulfur with mass percentage of 1.36%. The catalyst acidity test showed 1.5 M SO<sub>4</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst as catalyst with the highest acidity value. The application of 1.5 M SO<sub>4</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst in the esterification reaction of used cooking oil resulted decreasing of free fatty acid content up to 55.33%. In the another, preparation of basic catalyst, ZrO<sub>2</sub>/CaO was carried out by the addition of Calcium oxide (CaO) to ZrO<sub>2</sub> in three concentrations group of 25, 30, and 35%. The results, we found the catalyst with optimal basicity value in group 30% ZrO<sub>2</sub>/CaO. In addition, the 30% ZrO<sub>2</sub>/CaO catalyst has CaZrO<sub>3</sub> and lime-CaO crystal phases; exfoliated surface morphology and result Zirconium and Calcium of 7.41 and 42.83%, respectively. Furthermore, biodiesel production from used cooking oil using 30% ZrO<sub>2</sub>/CaO catalyst produces biodiesel with good conversion percentage of 94.00%.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":8109,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering\",\"volume\":\"22 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-13\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09520-6\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"Multidisciplinary\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09520-6","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Multidisciplinary","Score":null,"Total":0}
Conversion of Used Cooking Oil into Biodiesel by Utilizing Zirconia Catalyst as Acid Catalyst (SO4/ZrO2) and Base Catalyst (ZrO2/CaO)
Zirconium (ZrO2) was synthesized from Zirconium Oxychloride (ZrOCl2.8H2O) using hydrothermal method. Modification of ZrO2 as an acid catalyst (SO4/ZrO2) was made by adding 0.5; 1; and 1.5 M sulfuric acid solutions to ZrO2. The sulfation process was confirmed by formation of SO42− ion spectrum in 1238–1001 cm−1 region and resulted presence of elemental sulfur with mass percentage of 1.36%. The catalyst acidity test showed 1.5 M SO4/ZrO2 catalyst as catalyst with the highest acidity value. The application of 1.5 M SO4/ZrO2 catalyst in the esterification reaction of used cooking oil resulted decreasing of free fatty acid content up to 55.33%. In the another, preparation of basic catalyst, ZrO2/CaO was carried out by the addition of Calcium oxide (CaO) to ZrO2 in three concentrations group of 25, 30, and 35%. The results, we found the catalyst with optimal basicity value in group 30% ZrO2/CaO. In addition, the 30% ZrO2/CaO catalyst has CaZrO3 and lime-CaO crystal phases; exfoliated surface morphology and result Zirconium and Calcium of 7.41 and 42.83%, respectively. Furthermore, biodiesel production from used cooking oil using 30% ZrO2/CaO catalyst produces biodiesel with good conversion percentage of 94.00%.
期刊介绍:
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) partnered with Springer to publish the Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (AJSE).
AJSE, which has been published by KFUPM since 1975, is a recognized national, regional and international journal that provides a great opportunity for the dissemination of research advances from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, MENA and the world.