阿法尔湖(埃塞俄比亚)中部沉积物中记录的东非旱涝 50 年季节变化及其与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动的联系

IF 3.8 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Carlo Mologni, Marie Revel, Eric Chaumillon, Emmanuel Malet, Thibault Coulombier, Pierre Sabatier, Pierre Brigode, Gwenael Hervé, Anne-Lise Develle, Laure Schenini, Medhi Messous, Gourguen Davtian, Alain Carré, Delphine Bosch, Natacha Volto, Clément Ménard, Lamya Khalidi, Fabien Arnaud
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要。在全球变暖的情况下,尤其是在干旱和半干旱环境中,了解过去和现在水系统对全球海洋-大气相互作用的反馈是防止干旱、极端事件和相关人类灾难的主要挑战之一。在非洲东部,厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)被认为是影响水供应的降水变化的主要驱动因素之一。然而,由于缺乏当地到区域的历史或古生物数据,东非大裂谷系统(EARS)北部在预测和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动远程连接模型中的代表性仍然不足。本文通过对 Gemeri 湖和 Afambo 湖(埃塞俄比亚阿法尔中部地区)层状沉积物的研究,提供了阿瓦什河流域 50 年的季节性洪水和干旱年表,旨在重建区域水文气候事件的规模。我们在这两个湖泊中研究了多量级微层状成岩面与多量级富碳酸盐面交替出现的情况。我们将放射性碳、短寿命放射性核素、古地磁场变化和岩屑计数等测年方法结合起来,对这两个湖泊的沉积物建立了一个高分辨率的年龄模型,并讨论了阿瓦士河在过去 700 年中的区域水文沉积动态,重点是最近 50 年。我们采用多代理方法观察到,在经历了多年的水文增强期之后,自公元 1979 年以来,两个湖泊的河流负荷流入量逐渐减少,并在公元 1991 年至 1997 年期间出现了极端干旱和高蒸发状况。2014 年,阿瓦什河下游平原修建了一座大坝并加强了农业用水管理,这影响了当地土壤的可侵蚀性和湖盆的水文沉积平衡,沉积物堆积速度过快就是证明。将我们的定量重建与 (i) 湖泊水面演变、(ii) 阿瓦什河年际流速和 (iii) 厄尔尼诺 3.4 模型进行比较,可以发现厄尔尼诺/南方涛动海面温度异常、地区干旱和 EARS 北部水文条件之间存在间歇性联系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
50-year seasonal variability in East African droughts and floods recorded in central Afar lake sediments (Ethiopia) and their connections with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Abstract. Understanding past and present hydrosystem feedbacks to global ocean–atmospheric interactions represents one of the main challenges to preventing droughts, extreme events, and related human catastrophes in the face of global warming, especially in arid and semiarid environments. In eastern Africa, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was identified as one of the primary drivers of precipitation variability affecting water availability. However, the northern East African Rift System (EARS) still suffers from the underrepresentation of predictive and ENSO teleconnection models because of the scarcity of local to regional historical or palaeo-data. In this paper, we provide a 50-year seasonal flood and drought chronicle of the Awash River catchment from the study of laminated sediment from Gemeri and Afambo lakes (central Afar region, Ethiopia) with the aim of reconstructing the magnitude of regional hydroclimatic events. Pluricentimetric micro-laminated lithogenic facies alternating with plurimillimetric carbonate-enriched facies are investigated in both lakes. We couple dating methods including radiocarbon, short-lived radionuclides, palaeomagnetic field variations, and varve counting on both lake deposits to build a high-resolution age model and to discuss the regional hydrosedimentary dynamics of the Awash River over the last ∼ 700 years with a focus on the last 50 years. Using a multiproxy approach, we observe that following a multicentennial enhanced hydrological period, the two lakes have experienced a gradual decrease in river load inflow since 1979 CE, attaining extreme drought and high evaporative conditions between 1991 and 1997 CE. In 2014, the construction of a dam and increased agricultural water management in the lower Awash River plain impacted the erodibility of local soils and the hydrosedimentary balance of the lake basins, as evidenced by a disproportionate sediment accumulation rate. Comparison of our quantitative reconstruction with (i) lake water surface evolution, (ii) the interannual Awash River flow rates, and (iii) the El Niño 3.4 model highlights the intermittent connections between ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies, regional droughts, and hydrological conditions in the northern EARS.
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来源期刊
Climate of The Past
Climate of The Past 地学-气象与大气科学
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
14.00%
发文量
120
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Climate of the Past (CP) is a not-for-profit international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of research articles, short communications, and review papers on the climate history of the Earth. CP covers all temporal scales of climate change and variability, from geological time through to multidecadal studies of the last century. Studies focusing mainly on present and future climate are not within scope. The main subject areas are the following: reconstructions of past climate based on instrumental and historical data as well as proxy data from marine and terrestrial (including ice) archives; development and validation of new proxies, improvements of the precision and accuracy of proxy data; theoretical and empirical studies of processes in and feedback mechanisms between all climate system components in relation to past climate change on all space scales and timescales; simulation of past climate and model-based interpretation of palaeoclimate data for a better understanding of present and future climate variability and climate change.
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