SEAformer: frequency domain decomposition transformer with signal enhanced for long-term wind power forecasting

Accurate and reliable wind power forecasting is of great importance for stable grid operation and advanced dispatch planning. Due to the complex, non-stationary, and highly volatile nature of wind power data, Transformer-based methods find it difficult to capture long-term trend features and incur high computational costs. To address these challenging problems, we propose a frequency domain decomposition Transformer architecture with signal enhanced attention mechanism (SEAformer). Firstly, we devise a frequency domain-based trend decomposition structure that enables the Transformer to extract more effective long-term trend features, thereby further improving the long-term prediction accuracy of the model. Secondly, in response to the large fluctuations and instability of wind power data, we design an internal signal enhanced substructure combined with an attention mechanism in the Transformer, which filters out high-frequency noise signals and reduces the computational cost of the Transformer. We conduct extensive experiments on the benchmark dataset, the experimental analysis demonstrates that SEAformer outperforms the baseline methods (Transformer-based, MLP-based, and Traditional methods) in both multivariate and univariate prediction tasks, exhibiting the best prediction performance.