{"title":"不确定环境下的中国碳排放配额价格预测与期权设计","authors":"Lifen Jia, Linya Zhang, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10700-024-09432-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon emissions trading is pivotal for advancing China’s low-carbon goals. As the primary tradable asset in the carbon market, carbon emission allowances inevitably experience price fluctuations. However, numerous empirical studies show that the frequency of real-world data is highly unstable, which results in the failure of probabilistic modeling. Therefore, this paper aims to model the dynamics of carbon emission allowance prices in China using four mainstream uncertain differential equations. The optimal model is chosen through rolling window cross-validation using the criterion of minimizing average testing errors. Parameters of the optimal model are determined by moment estimation based on residuals, and the model’s effectiveness is also assessed through uncertain two-sided hypothesis testing. Additionally, we forecast carbon emission allowance prices and their 95% confidence intervals for the next 14 business days. To manage trading risks, we propose a customized carbon option contract for pricing European carbon options and conduct sensitivity analysis on key parameters. Finally, we present a paradox of stochastic differential equations for modeling carbon emission allowance prices.</p>","PeriodicalId":55131,"journal":{"name":"Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"China’s carbon emission allowance prices forecasting and option designing in uncertain environment\",\"authors\":\"Lifen Jia, Linya Zhang, Wei Chen\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10700-024-09432-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Carbon emissions trading is pivotal for advancing China’s low-carbon goals. As the primary tradable asset in the carbon market, carbon emission allowances inevitably experience price fluctuations. However, numerous empirical studies show that the frequency of real-world data is highly unstable, which results in the failure of probabilistic modeling. Therefore, this paper aims to model the dynamics of carbon emission allowance prices in China using four mainstream uncertain differential equations. The optimal model is chosen through rolling window cross-validation using the criterion of minimizing average testing errors. Parameters of the optimal model are determined by moment estimation based on residuals, and the model’s effectiveness is also assessed through uncertain two-sided hypothesis testing. Additionally, we forecast carbon emission allowance prices and their 95% confidence intervals for the next 14 business days. To manage trading risks, we propose a customized carbon option contract for pricing European carbon options and conduct sensitivity analysis on key parameters. Finally, we present a paradox of stochastic differential equations for modeling carbon emission allowance prices.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55131,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making\",\"volume\":\"56 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"94\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10700-024-09432-y\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"计算机科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10700-024-09432-y","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
China’s carbon emission allowance prices forecasting and option designing in uncertain environment
Carbon emissions trading is pivotal for advancing China’s low-carbon goals. As the primary tradable asset in the carbon market, carbon emission allowances inevitably experience price fluctuations. However, numerous empirical studies show that the frequency of real-world data is highly unstable, which results in the failure of probabilistic modeling. Therefore, this paper aims to model the dynamics of carbon emission allowance prices in China using four mainstream uncertain differential equations. The optimal model is chosen through rolling window cross-validation using the criterion of minimizing average testing errors. Parameters of the optimal model are determined by moment estimation based on residuals, and the model’s effectiveness is also assessed through uncertain two-sided hypothesis testing. Additionally, we forecast carbon emission allowance prices and their 95% confidence intervals for the next 14 business days. To manage trading risks, we propose a customized carbon option contract for pricing European carbon options and conduct sensitivity analysis on key parameters. Finally, we present a paradox of stochastic differential equations for modeling carbon emission allowance prices.
期刊介绍:
The key objective of Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making is to promote research and the development of fuzzy technology and soft-computing methodologies to enhance our ability to address complicated optimization and decision making problems involving non-probabilitic uncertainty.
The journal will cover all aspects of employing fuzzy technologies to see optimal solutions and assist in making the best possible decisions. It will provide a global forum for advancing the state-of-the-art theory and practice of fuzzy optimization and decision making in the presence of uncertainty. Any theoretical, empirical, and experimental work related to fuzzy modeling and associated mathematics, solution methods, and systems is welcome. The goal is to help foster the understanding, development, and practice of fuzzy technologies for solving economic, engineering, management, and societal problems. The journal will provide a forum for authors and readers in the fields of business, economics, engineering, mathematics, management science, operations research, and systems.