消失的能量:浓度梯度中的势能

IF 2 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Lee D. Hansen, Brian F. Woodfield, H. Dennis Tolley
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文回顾了对涉及浓度梯度的过程的观察,以说明:(1) 如果系统的布置方式需要外功,浓度梯度可以在排放过程中做外功。(2) 必须对系统做功(即增加能量)才能产生浓度梯度。(3) 除了相互作用能之外,浓度梯度可以在能量不变的情况下自发放电。这三个观察结果具有重要意义,因为这些观察结果表明,能量守恒定律显然受到了违反,而提出概率场是所有浓度梯度的共同要素,则可以解决这一问题。因此,本文在热力学中引入了两个新概念:(1)许多自发过程的发生是由于概率的增加,而不是由于系统能量状态的降低。(2) 浓度梯度与概率场以及与约束条件和温度相关的势能相吻合。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The case of the disappearing energy: potential energies in concentration gradients
This paper reviews observations on processes involving concentration gradients to show that (1) Concentration gradients can do external work during discharge if the system is arranged in a manner that requires it. (2) Work has to be done on the system (i.e. energy has to be added) to create a concentration gradient. (3) Concentration gradients can spontaneously discharge with no change in energy except interaction energy. These three observations are significant since, together, these observations demonstrate an apparent violation of the law of conservation of energy which is resolved by proposing that a probability field is a common element for all concentration gradients. This paper thus introduces two new concepts into thermodynamics: (1) Many spontaneous processes occur because of an increase in probability, not because of a decrease in the energy state of the system. (2) Concentration gradients coincide with a probability field and a constraint-dependent and temperature-dependent potential energy.
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来源期刊
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Pure and Applied Chemistry 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
60
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Pure and Applied Chemistry is the official monthly Journal of IUPAC, with responsibility for publishing works arising from those international scientific events and projects that are sponsored and undertaken by the Union. The policy is to publish highly topical and credible works at the forefront of all aspects of pure and applied chemistry, and the attendant goal is to promote widespread acceptance of the Journal as an authoritative and indispensable holding in academic and institutional libraries.
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