{"title":"南美西番莲(西番莲科)的花生物学、传粉媒介和繁殖系统","authors":"María T. Amela García","doi":"10.1071/bt24016","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<strong> Context</strong><p>Knowledge of the reproductive biology of plants is fundamental for conservation, especially of the ones with a limited distribution.</p><strong> Aims</strong><p>The sexual reproduction of the small-ranged <i>Passiflora chrysophylla</i> Chod. was studied.</p><strong> Methods</strong><p>Controlled pollinations were performed to assess the breeding system, whereas floral traits and visitors (identity, frequency, activity on the flowers, dimensions and pollen load) were analysed to assess the pollination mechanism.</p><strong> Key results</strong><p>Self-compatibility was partial. Anthesis was matinal. The odour emitted by the corona was sweet, whereas the odour emitted by the persistent sepals and bracts was similar to that of the leaves. Contrasting concentric circular reward guides were present in the visible and UV spectra. Nectar concentration was high, the volume increased throughout anthesis and, if removed, nectar was replenished only once during the flower lifespan. Style movements towards the anthers determined male and hermaphroditic phases in most of the flowers; in a few flowers (smaller, scented and nectarless), styles remained apart from the anthers, thus constituting a functionally andromonecious and deceptive automimicry system. The bees <i>Ptiloglossa</i> sp., <i>Thygater analis</i> and <i>Xylocopa augusti</i> acted as pollinators, whereas ants, butterflies and beetles were nectar or pollen thieves and florivores.</p><strong> Conclusions</strong><p><i>P. chrysophylla</i> is melittophilous and pollinators increase reproductive success.</p><strong> Implications</strong><p>Pollination biology of <i>P. chrysophylla</i>, reported for the first time, would contribute to conservation management of this species with restricted distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":8607,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Floral biology, pollinators and breeding system of Passiflora chrysophylla (Passifloraceae), a South American passion vine\",\"authors\":\"María T. Amela García\",\"doi\":\"10.1071/bt24016\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<strong> Context</strong><p>Knowledge of the reproductive biology of plants is fundamental for conservation, especially of the ones with a limited distribution.</p><strong> Aims</strong><p>The sexual reproduction of the small-ranged <i>Passiflora chrysophylla</i> Chod. was studied.</p><strong> Methods</strong><p>Controlled pollinations were performed to assess the breeding system, whereas floral traits and visitors (identity, frequency, activity on the flowers, dimensions and pollen load) were analysed to assess the pollination mechanism.</p><strong> Key results</strong><p>Self-compatibility was partial. Anthesis was matinal. The odour emitted by the corona was sweet, whereas the odour emitted by the persistent sepals and bracts was similar to that of the leaves. Contrasting concentric circular reward guides were present in the visible and UV spectra. Nectar concentration was high, the volume increased throughout anthesis and, if removed, nectar was replenished only once during the flower lifespan. Style movements towards the anthers determined male and hermaphroditic phases in most of the flowers; in a few flowers (smaller, scented and nectarless), styles remained apart from the anthers, thus constituting a functionally andromonecious and deceptive automimicry system. The bees <i>Ptiloglossa</i> sp., <i>Thygater analis</i> and <i>Xylocopa augusti</i> acted as pollinators, whereas ants, butterflies and beetles were nectar or pollen thieves and florivores.</p><strong> Conclusions</strong><p><i>P. chrysophylla</i> is melittophilous and pollinators increase reproductive success.</p><strong> Implications</strong><p>Pollination biology of <i>P. chrysophylla</i>, reported for the first time, would contribute to conservation management of this species with restricted distribution.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":8607,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Australian Journal of Botany\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-02\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Australian Journal of Botany\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1071/bt24016\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"PLANT SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Australian Journal of Botany","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1071/bt24016","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景了解植物的生殖生物学是保护植物的基础,尤其是分布有限的植物。目的研究了小范围分布的西番莲的有性繁殖。方法进行控制授粉以评估繁殖系统,分析花的特征和访客(身份、频率、花上的活动、尺寸和花粉量)以评估授粉机制。主要结果部分自交。花期为成熟期。副花冠发出的气味是甜的,而宿存萼片和苞片发出的气味与叶片相似。在可见光和紫外光谱中出现了对比鲜明的同心圆奖励导向。花蜜浓度很高,花蜜量在整个花期都在增加,如果花蜜被移走,在花的生命周期中只需补充一次。在大多数花朵中,花柱向花药的移动决定了雄花和雌花的花期;在少数花朵(较小、有香味和无花蜜)中,花柱与花药保持分离,从而构成了一个功能上的雄花和雌花欺骗性自动拟态系统。蜜蜂 Ptiloglossa sp.、Thygater analis 和 Xylocopa augusti 是传粉者,而蚂蚁、蝴蝶和甲虫则是花蜜或花粉的窃取者和食花者。结论 金叶女贞是嗜蜜植物,传粉昆虫可提高繁殖成功率。意义首次报道金叶女贞的传粉生物学特性将有助于对这一分布有限的物种进行保护管理。
Floral biology, pollinators and breeding system of Passiflora chrysophylla (Passifloraceae), a South American passion vine
Context
Knowledge of the reproductive biology of plants is fundamental for conservation, especially of the ones with a limited distribution.
Aims
The sexual reproduction of the small-ranged Passiflora chrysophylla Chod. was studied.
Methods
Controlled pollinations were performed to assess the breeding system, whereas floral traits and visitors (identity, frequency, activity on the flowers, dimensions and pollen load) were analysed to assess the pollination mechanism.
Key results
Self-compatibility was partial. Anthesis was matinal. The odour emitted by the corona was sweet, whereas the odour emitted by the persistent sepals and bracts was similar to that of the leaves. Contrasting concentric circular reward guides were present in the visible and UV spectra. Nectar concentration was high, the volume increased throughout anthesis and, if removed, nectar was replenished only once during the flower lifespan. Style movements towards the anthers determined male and hermaphroditic phases in most of the flowers; in a few flowers (smaller, scented and nectarless), styles remained apart from the anthers, thus constituting a functionally andromonecious and deceptive automimicry system. The bees Ptiloglossa sp., Thygater analis and Xylocopa augusti acted as pollinators, whereas ants, butterflies and beetles were nectar or pollen thieves and florivores.
Conclusions
P. chrysophylla is melittophilous and pollinators increase reproductive success.
Implications
Pollination biology of P. chrysophylla, reported for the first time, would contribute to conservation management of this species with restricted distribution.
期刊介绍:
Australian Journal of Botany is an international journal for publication of original research in plant science. We seek papers of broad interest with relevance to Southern Hemisphere ecosystems. Our scope encompasses all approaches to understanding plant biology.
Australian Journal of Botany is published with the endorsement of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Australian Academy of Science.