基因组的祖先

Elizabeth Thompson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在越来越多的例子中,一个曾经繁荣昌盛的种群甚至物种现在只剩下一个成员存活了下来,受此启发,我们研究了这个幸存者可能代表了该种群的哪些基因组。更广泛地说,考虑我们每个人可能代表我们祖先的哪些基因组也很有意义。我们只考虑二倍体雌雄异体生物,并主要考虑单倍体基因组的祖先,例如重点个体的母系常染色体。我们的祖先很多,而且在一个无边界的种群中,祖先的数量呈指数增长。我们的遗传祖先很少,以祖先基因组片段的数量为界,而祖先基因组片段的数量在过去几代人中呈线性增长。我们首先证明,潜在祖先系的主要损失发生在 8-11 代,此后遗传祖先的数量近似线性增长,但并不接近上限。在许多世代中,仍然存在由同一祖系产生的紧密相连但不毗连的片段。其次,我们分析了这些 "重复 "祖先片段的形成过程,这些片段在远祖中继续形成,即使其他片段因重组而消失。第三,我们考虑了有限种群的影响,其中有一个地理结构种群模型。祖先很多,即使迁徙率很低,很快也会充满整个物种范围。遗传祖先不仅数量少,而且在地理上保持本地化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The ancestry of a genome
Motivated originally by the increasing number of examples where a lone member of a once thriving population or even species now survives, we investigate what genomes of that population the survivor may represent. More generally it is of interest to consider what genomes of our ancestry each of us may represent. We consider only diploid dioecious organisms, and consider primarily the ancestry of a haploid genome, for example the maternal autosomes of the focal individual. Our ancestors are many and, in an unbounded population, increase exponentially in number. Our genetic ancestors are few, bounded by the number of ancestral genome segments which increases linearly over past generations. First we show that the major loss of potential ancestral lineages is at 8-11 generations, and that thereafter the number of genetic ancestors increases approximately linearly, but does not approach the upper bound. Over many generations, there remain tightly linked but not contiguous segments that result from the same ancestral lineage. Second we analyze the process of these "repeated" ancestral segments that continue to be formed in distant ancestry, even as others are lost by recombination. Thirdly, we consider the effect of a finite population, with one model of a geographically structured population. Ancestors are many, and soon fill the entire species range even with low migration rates. Genetic ancestors are not only few, but remain geographically local.
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