可再生活性物质中的偏析、有限时间弹性奇异性和粗化问题

Ayan Roychowdhury, Saptarshi Dasgupta, Madan Rao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

活跃的生命系统(如细胞和组织)中的物质可再生性可驱动大规模的力模式化,并产生独特的表型后果。这一点在细胞的细胞骨架中尤为重要,在细胞骨架中,多种肌球蛋白与肌动蛋白结合,施加收缩应力,并不断发生更替,从而形成模式化的力通道。在这里,我们研究了由两种肌球蛋白组成的可再生活性肌动蛋白弹性体流体力学模型中出现的应力动态模式。我们发现,均匀的活性收缩弹性体会自发地分离成旋涡状应力模式,然后在有限时间内坍缩成携带张力的奇异结构,这些结构显示出自相似的缩放和凹凸。这些奇异结构会移动和合并,并逐渐在一个维度上形成缓慢的粗化动力学。此外,底层动力学的非互惠性质还产生了与各种移动状态相关的特殊点--从蠕动到规则和奇异应力模式的交换和列车,这些状态可能相互共存。新颖的分离和兴奋性都是基础主动动力学时间反转对称性打破的结果。我们将讨论我们的发现对应力纤维的出现和肌球蛋白空间模式化的影响。
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Segregation, Finite Time Elastic Singularities and Coarsening in Renewable Active Matter
Material renewability in active living systems, such as in cells and tissues, can drive the large-scale patterning of forces, with distinctive phenotypic consequences. This is especially significant in the cell cytoskeleton, where multiple species of myosin bound to actin, apply contractile stresses and undergo continual turnover, that result in patterned force channeling. Here we study the dynamical patterning of stresses that emerge in a hydrodynamic model of a renewable active actomyosin elastomer comprising two myosin species. We find that a uniform active contractile elastomer spontaneously segregates into spinodal stress patterns, followed by a finite-time collapse into tension carrying singular structures that display self-similar scaling and caustics. These singular structures move and merge, and gradually result in a slow coarsening dynamics in one dimension. In addition, the nonreciprocal nature of the underlying dynamics gives rise to exceptional points that are associated with a variety of travelling states - from peristalsis to swap and trains of regular and singular stress patterns, that may coexist with each other. Both the novel segregation and excitability are consequences of time reversal symmetry breaking of the underlying active dynamics. We discuss the implications of our findings to the emergence of stress fibers and the spatial patterning of myosin.
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