利用卡尔曼滤波器估算地震仪时钟时间偏移,实现精确的地震速度变化

IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Tomoya Takano, Kiwamu Nishida
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要 监测从环境噪声相关性中获得的地震速度变化被广泛用于了解岩石特性随地震、火山活动和环境变化而发生的变化。由于已经积累了连续的地震数据,这种方法可以估算地震速度的长期变化,如大地震后的地壳恢复以及与长期环境变化相关的地震速度时变。通过测量基于地震干涉测量法的环境噪声相关相位差,可以以较高的时间分辨率估算地震速度的变化。然而,这些相位差不仅受地震波速度变化的影响,还受地震仪时钟计时误差的影响。时钟漂移是由于与全球定位系统时钟不同步和内部时钟漂移造成的。因此,要通过测量噪声相关的相位差来准确监测地壳结构的时间变化,评估时钟计时误差对相位差的贡献至关重要。最近,开发了一种基于状态空间模型的扩展卡尔曼滤波器方法,用于可靠地探测环境噪声相关波形的时间变化,状态空间模型具有灵活的时间序列数据建模优势。在本研究中,我们将地震仪时钟时间误差引起的时移纳入了环境噪声相关波形时变的状态空间模型中。我们估算了日本新萌岳火山周围地震台站在 2010 年 4 月至 2021 年 9 月期间的地震速度变化、噪声相关性振幅变化和时钟时间误差。多个台站表现出明显的时钟时间偏移,时钟时间偏移的发生日期与地震台站维护或更换地震仪而关闭数据记录器的日期相吻合。所提出的方法能够对波形的信噪比进行稳定的估计,这种稳定的估计有助于对地震记录进行精确计时,从而能够对地震相位到达时间进行精确分析。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Estimation of seismometer clock time offsets using Kalman Filter toward accurate seismic velocity change
Summary Monitoring seismic velocity changes obtained from ambient noise correlations is widely used to understand changes in rock properties in response to earthquakes, volcanic activities, and environmental changes. Since continuous seismic data has been accumulated, this method can estimate long-term changes in seismic velocity, such as crustal recovery after a major earthquake and temporal variations in seismic velocity related to long-term environmental change. Changes in seismic velocity can be estimated with a high temporal resolution by measuring the phase differences of ambient noise correlations based on a seismic interferometry method. Still, these phase differences are influenced not only by seismic wave velocity changes but also by errors in clock timing in seismometers. The clock drift occurs due to out-of-synchronisation with the GPS clock and the drift of the internal clock. Therefore, to accurately monitor temporal changes in crustal structure by measuring the phase differences of noise correlations, it is crucial to evaluate the contribution of errors in clock timing to the phase differences. Recently, a method using an extended Kalman filter based on a state-space model was developed for reliable detection of temporal changes in the waveforms of ambient noise correlations, with the state-space model offering the advantage of flexible modelling of time series data. In this study, we incorporated the time shifts caused by clock time errors of the seismometer into the state-space model of the temporal changes in ambient noise correlations. We estimated seismic velocity changes, amplitude changes of noise correlations, and clock time errors from 2010 April to 2021 September at seismic stations around the Shinmoe-dake volcano in Japan, which experienced eruptions in 2011 and 2018, respectively. Several stations exhibited clear clock time offsets, and the occurrence of clock time shifts coincided with the dates when the data logger was turned off for seismic station maintenance or replacement of the seismometer. The proposed method provides stable estimations with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio of the waveform, and this stable estimation facilitates accurate timing of seismic recordings, enabling precise analysis of seismic phase arrival times.
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来源期刊
Geophysical Journal International
Geophysical Journal International 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
10.70%
发文量
436
审稿时长
3.3 months
期刊介绍: Geophysical Journal International publishes top quality research papers, express letters, invited review papers and book reviews on all aspects of theoretical, computational, applied and observational geophysics.
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