Factors impeding implementing CALL-based instruction: A mixed-methods study

As an innovative approach to language pedagogy, Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) research has been gaining traction in recent decades. However, the novel incorporation of technology in the classroom context presents some unique challenges unprecedented in conventional language learning contexts. The present study is an attempt at identifying the factors prohibiting the successful implementation of CALL, with particular attention on the context of Iran. To this end, an exploratory mixed-methods sequential design was adopted. Fifteen Iranian EFL instructors were interviewed and the data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Built upon the findings of the interviews, a questionnaire was developed to assess the generalizability of the interview findings. The 33-item questionnaire was developed and distributed online among 200 EFL teachers. It was revealed that certain factors, including EFL teachers and learners' knowledge of computers, cultural and religious background, institutional support policy, and human factors such as learners' learning style and age could hinder the successful incorporation of CALL in language learning contexts. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed the generalizability of the identified prohibitive factors. The findings are discussed under the light of Rogers’ (2003)Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DIT) to further contextualize the implications of the study for macro- and micro-level policymakers, curriculum developers, and language teachers.