Brian Chan , Ryan Cook , Ximena Levander , Katharina Wiest , Kim Hoffman , Kellie Pertl , Ritwika Petluri , Dennis McCarty , P. Todd Korthuis , Stephen A. Martin
{"title":"阿片类药物使用障碍远程医疗治疗中丁丙诺啡的停用：纵向队列分析。","authors":"Brian Chan , Ryan Cook , Ximena Levander , Katharina Wiest , Kim Hoffman , Kellie Pertl , Ritwika Petluri , Dennis McCarty , P. Todd Korthuis , Stephen A. Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.josat.2024.209511","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, federal agencies permitted telehealth initiation of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) without in-person assessment. It remains unclear how telehealth-only buprenorphine treatment impacts time to discontinuation and patient reported treatment outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A longitudinal observational cohort study conducted September 2021 through March, 2023 enrolled participants with OUD initiating buprenorphine (≤ 45 days) with internet and phone access in Oregon and Washington. The intervention was a fully telehealth-only (THO) app versus treatment as usual (TAU) in office-based settings with some telehealth. We assessed self-reported buprenorphine discontinuation at 4-,12-, and 24-weeks. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) calculated unadjusted and adjusted relative risk ratios (RR) for discontinuation averaged over the study period. Secondary outcomes included change in the Brief Addiction Monitor (BAM) and the visual analogue craving scale. Generalized linear models estimated average within-group and between-group differences over time.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants (<em>n</em> = 103 THO; <em>n</em> = 56 TAU) had a mean age of 37 years (SD = 9.8 years) and included 52 % women, 83 % with Medicaid insurance, 80 % identified as White, 65 % unemployed/student, and 19 % unhoused. There were differences in gender (THO = 54 % women vs. TAU = 44 %, <em>p</em> = .04), unemployed status (60 % vs 75 %, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> .02), and stable housing (84 % vs 73 %, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> .02). Rates of buprenorphine discontinuation were low in the THO (4 %) and TAU (13 %) groups across 24 weeks. In the adjusted analysis, the risk of discontinuation was 61 % lower in the THO group (aRR = 0.39, 95 % CI [0.17, 0.89], <em>p</em> <em>=</em> .026). Decreases occurred over time on the harms subscale of the BAM (within-group difference − 0.85, <em>p</em> = .0004 [THO], and − 0.68, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> .04 [TAU]<em>)</em> and cravings (within-group difference − 13.47, <em>p</em> = .0001 [THO] vs −7.65, <em>p</em> = .01 [TAU]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A telehealth-only platform reduced the risk of buprenorphine discontinuation compared to office-based TAU. In-person evaluation to receive buprenorphine may not be necessary for treatment-seeking patients.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical trials identifier</h3><p><span><span>NCT03224858</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of substance use and addiction treatment","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 209511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949875924002236/pdfft?md5=bcc8e60081e9b40b01e561dcde83f665&pid=1-s2.0-S2949875924002236-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Buprenorphine discontinuation in telehealth-only treatment for opioid use disorder: A longitudinal cohort analysis\",\"authors\":\"Brian Chan , Ryan Cook , Ximena Levander , Katharina Wiest , Kim Hoffman , Kellie Pertl , Ritwika Petluri , Dennis McCarty , P. Todd Korthuis , Stephen A. Martin\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.josat.2024.209511\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, federal agencies permitted telehealth initiation of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) without in-person assessment. It remains unclear how telehealth-only buprenorphine treatment impacts time to discontinuation and patient reported treatment outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A longitudinal observational cohort study conducted September 2021 through March, 2023 enrolled participants with OUD initiating buprenorphine (≤ 45 days) with internet and phone access in Oregon and Washington. The intervention was a fully telehealth-only (THO) app versus treatment as usual (TAU) in office-based settings with some telehealth. We assessed self-reported buprenorphine discontinuation at 4-,12-, and 24-weeks. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) calculated unadjusted and adjusted relative risk ratios (RR) for discontinuation averaged over the study period. Secondary outcomes included change in the Brief Addiction Monitor (BAM) and the visual analogue craving scale. Generalized linear models estimated average within-group and between-group differences over time.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants (<em>n</em> = 103 THO; <em>n</em> = 56 TAU) had a mean age of 37 years (SD = 9.8 years) and included 52 % women, 83 % with Medicaid insurance, 80 % identified as White, 65 % unemployed/student, and 19 % unhoused. There were differences in gender (THO = 54 % women vs. TAU = 44 %, <em>p</em> = .04), unemployed status (60 % vs 75 %, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> .02), and stable housing (84 % vs 73 %, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> .02). Rates of buprenorphine discontinuation were low in the THO (4 %) and TAU (13 %) groups across 24 weeks. In the adjusted analysis, the risk of discontinuation was 61 % lower in the THO group (aRR = 0.39, 95 % CI [0.17, 0.89], <em>p</em> <em>=</em> .026). Decreases occurred over time on the harms subscale of the BAM (within-group difference − 0.85, <em>p</em> = .0004 [THO], and − 0.68, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> .04 [TAU]<em>)</em> and cravings (within-group difference − 13.47, <em>p</em> = .0001 [THO] vs −7.65, <em>p</em> = .01 [TAU]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A telehealth-only platform reduced the risk of buprenorphine discontinuation compared to office-based TAU. In-person evaluation to receive buprenorphine may not be necessary for treatment-seeking patients.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical trials identifier</h3><p><span><span>NCT03224858</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":73960,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of substance use and addiction treatment\",\"volume\":\"167 \",\"pages\":\"Article 209511\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949875924002236/pdfft?md5=bcc8e60081e9b40b01e561dcde83f665&pid=1-s2.0-S2949875924002236-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of substance use and addiction treatment\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949875924002236\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"0\",\"JCRName\":\"PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of substance use and addiction treatment","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949875924002236","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Buprenorphine discontinuation in telehealth-only treatment for opioid use disorder: A longitudinal cohort analysis
Introduction
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, federal agencies permitted telehealth initiation of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) without in-person assessment. It remains unclear how telehealth-only buprenorphine treatment impacts time to discontinuation and patient reported treatment outcomes.
Methods
A longitudinal observational cohort study conducted September 2021 through March, 2023 enrolled participants with OUD initiating buprenorphine (≤ 45 days) with internet and phone access in Oregon and Washington. The intervention was a fully telehealth-only (THO) app versus treatment as usual (TAU) in office-based settings with some telehealth. We assessed self-reported buprenorphine discontinuation at 4-,12-, and 24-weeks. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) calculated unadjusted and adjusted relative risk ratios (RR) for discontinuation averaged over the study period. Secondary outcomes included change in the Brief Addiction Monitor (BAM) and the visual analogue craving scale. Generalized linear models estimated average within-group and between-group differences over time.
Results
Participants (n = 103 THO; n = 56 TAU) had a mean age of 37 years (SD = 9.8 years) and included 52 % women, 83 % with Medicaid insurance, 80 % identified as White, 65 % unemployed/student, and 19 % unhoused. There were differences in gender (THO = 54 % women vs. TAU = 44 %, p = .04), unemployed status (60 % vs 75 %, p= .02), and stable housing (84 % vs 73 %, p= .02). Rates of buprenorphine discontinuation were low in the THO (4 %) and TAU (13 %) groups across 24 weeks. In the adjusted analysis, the risk of discontinuation was 61 % lower in the THO group (aRR = 0.39, 95 % CI [0.17, 0.89], p= .026). Decreases occurred over time on the harms subscale of the BAM (within-group difference − 0.85, p = .0004 [THO], and − 0.68, p= .04 [TAU]) and cravings (within-group difference − 13.47, p = .0001 [THO] vs −7.65, p = .01 [TAU]).
Conclusions
A telehealth-only platform reduced the risk of buprenorphine discontinuation compared to office-based TAU. In-person evaluation to receive buprenorphine may not be necessary for treatment-seeking patients.
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