通过移动医疗、社交媒体和电子媒体传播 COVID-19 疾病和疫苗接种信息对巴基斯坦护理人员和医疗服务提供者态度的影响:定性探索研究。

IF 3.5 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
JMIR infodemiology Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI:10.2196/49366
Abdul Momin Kazi, Nazia Ahsan, Rawshan Jabeen, Raheel Allana, Saima Jamal, Muhammad Ayub Khan Mughal, Kathryn L Hopkins, Fauzia Aman Malik
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:COVID-19 大流行对不同国家产生了重大影响,因此各国实施了各种健康和安全措施,其中数字媒体发挥了关键作用。然而,数字媒体也带来了一些重大问题,如信息错误和缺乏指导:我们旨在探讨通过数字、社交和电子媒体传播 COVID-19 相关信息对巴基斯坦护理人员和医疗服务提供者的疫苗相关态度的影响:本研究采用定性探索性研究设计和目的性抽样策略,在巴基斯坦信德省的 3 家初级医疗机构进行。通过虚拟平台(ConnectOnCall 和 Zoom)与医疗服务提供者进行了 7 次焦点小组讨论,并与护理人员进行了 60 次深入访谈。通过主题分析法对访谈记录进行了分析:我们的研究揭示了电子媒体、移动医疗(mHealth)和社交媒体在 COVID-19 大流行期间的关键作用。研究确定了四大主题(1) COVID-19 及其疫苗接种的信息来源,(2) 电子媒体的价值和误导性传播,(3) COVID-19 期间移动医疗的杠杆作用和局限性,以及 (4) COVID-19 期间社交媒体的影响和障碍。医疗服务提供者和护理人员报告称,常见的信息来源是电子媒体和移动医疗,其次是社交媒体。一些参与者还使用全球媒体来获取与 COVID-19 相关的更可靠信息。移动医疗解决方案,如公共宣传信息、视频、呼叫铃声和帮助热线,宣传了 COVID-19 预防技术和疫苗注册。然而,通过 WhatsApp、Facebook 和 Twitter 等社交媒体大量涌入的新闻和社会行为叙述,包括错误信息/不实信息,被认为是疫苗相关信息的主要推动因素。电子媒体和移动医疗被更广泛地用于促进有关 COVID-19 大流行和疫苗接种的信息和传播。然而,社交媒体和电子媒体驱动的信息传播被认为是造成与 COVID-19 和疫苗接种犹豫相关的错误信息的主要因素。此外,我们还发现城市和农村人口之间存在数字鸿沟,在农村环境中使用电子媒体,而在城市环境中使用社交媒体:结论:在巴基斯坦这样一个资源有限的环境中,使用移动医疗、社交媒体和电子媒体传播与 COVID-19 及其疫苗接种相关的信息(包括事实信息和错误/虚假信息)对人们接种 COVID-19 疫苗的态度有重大影响。根据定性研究结果,我们建立了一个数字通信和信息传播模型,以增加人们对 COVID-19 及其预防措施(包括疫苗接种)的了解,该模型可在类似环境中复制,用于其他疾病负担和相关信息。此外,为了减轻信息痴呆症,需要在更大范围内采取数字和非数字干预措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effects of COVID-19 Illness and Vaccination Infodemic Through Mobile Health, Social Media, and Electronic Media on the Attitudes of Caregivers and Health Care Providers in Pakistan: Qualitative Exploratory Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on different countries because of which various health and safety measures were implemented, with digital media playing a pivotal role. However, digital media also pose significant concerns such as misinformation and lack of direction.

Objective: We aimed to explore the effects of COVID-19-related infodemics through digital, social, and electronic media on the vaccine-related attitudes of caregivers and health care providers in Pakistan.

Methods: This study employs a qualitative exploratory study design with purposive sampling strategies, and it was conducted at 3 primary health care facilities in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Seven focus group discussions with health care providers and 60 in-depth interviews with caregivers were conducted using semistructured interviews through virtual platforms (ConnectOnCall and Zoom). Transcripts were analyzed through thematic analysis.

Results: Our study reveals the pivotal role of electronic media, mobile health (mHealth), and social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four major themes were identified: (1) sources of information on COVID-19 and its vaccination, (2) electronic media value and misleading communication, (3) mHealth leveraging and limitations during COVID-19, and (4) social media influence and barriers during COVID-19. Health care providers and caregivers reported that the common sources of information were electronic media and mHealth, followed by social media. Some participants also used global media for more reliable information related to COVID-19. mHealth solutions such as public awareness messages, videos, call ringtones, and helplines promoted COVID-19 prevention techniques and vaccine registration. However, the overwhelming influx of news and sociobehavioral narratives, including misinformation/disinformation through social media such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter, were found to be the primary enablers of vaccine-related infodemics. Electronic media and mHealth were utilized more widely to promote information and communication on the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination. However, social media and electronic media-driven infodemics were identified as the major factors for misinformation related to COVID-19 and vaccine hesitancy. Further, we found a digital divide between the urban and rural populations, with the use of electronic media in rural settings and social media in urban settings.

Conclusions: In a resource-constrained setting like Pakistan, the usage of mHealth, social media, and electronic media for information spread (both factual and mis/disinformation) related to COVID-19 and its vaccination had a significant impact on attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. Based on the qualitative findings, we generated a model of digital communications and information dissemination to increase knowledge about COVID-19 and its prevention measures, including vaccination, which can be replicated in similar settings for other disease burdens and related infodemics. Further, to mitigate the infodemics, both digital and nondigital interventions are needed at a larger scale.

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