Shalini V Gowda, Na Young Kim, Kachigere B Harsha, Darshini Gowda, Rajaghatta N Suresh, Amudha Deivasigamani, Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan, Kam Man Hui, Gautam Sethi, Kwang Seok Ahn, Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa
{"title":"一种新型 1,2,3-三唑-靛红混合物通过缓解肝细胞癌中的 HGF/c-MET 轴抑制肿瘤生长和肺转移。","authors":"Shalini V Gowda, Na Young Kim, Kachigere B Harsha, Darshini Gowda, Rajaghatta N Suresh, Amudha Deivasigamani, Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan, Kam Man Hui, Gautam Sethi, Kwang Seok Ahn, Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa","doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.033","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal cancer that is often diagnosed at the advanced stages which limits the available therapeutic options. The interaction of HGF with c-MET (a receptor tyrosine kinase) results in the activation of c-MET which subsequently triggers the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Overexpression of c-MET in HCC tissues has been demonstrated to contribute to tumor progression and metastasis.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to synthesize triazole-indirubin conjugates, examine their growth suppressor efficacy in cell-based assays, and investigate the antitumor as well as antimetastatic activity of lead cytotoxic agent in the orthotopic mice model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A series of triazole-indirubin hybrids were synthesized and cytotoxicity, apoptogenic, and antimigratory effect of the lead compound (CRI9) was evaluated using MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, annexin-V/PI assay, TUNEL assay, and wound healing assay. The effect of CRI9 on the operation of the HGF/c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis was examined using western blotting and transfection experiments. Acute toxicity, antitumor, and antimetastatic activity of CRI9 were examined in NCr nude mice. The expression of c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR, CD31, and Ki-67 was examined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the new compounds, CRI9 consistently displayed potent cytotoxicity against HGF-induced HCC cells. CRI9 induced apoptosis as evidenced by increased sub G1 cells, annexin-V<sup>+</sup>/PI<sup>+</sup> cells, TUNEL<sup>+</sup> cells, and cleavage of procaspase-3 and PARP. CRI9 inhibited HGF-induced phosphorylation of c-MET<sup>Y1234/1235</sup> and subsequently suppressed the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Also, depletion of c-MET or inhibition of c-MET by CRI9 resulted in suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. CRI9 showed no toxic effects in NCr nude mice and displayed a potent antitumor and antimetastatic effect in the orthotopic HCC mice model. CRI9 also reduced the levels of phospho-c-MET, CD31, and Ki-67 and suppressed the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in tumor tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CRI9 has been identified as a new inhibitor of the c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in HCC preclinical models.</p>","PeriodicalId":94063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of advanced research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A new 1,2,3-triazole-indirubin hybrid suppresses tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis by mitigating the HGF/c-MET axis in hepatocellular carcinoma.\",\"authors\":\"Shalini V Gowda, Na Young Kim, Kachigere B Harsha, Darshini Gowda, Rajaghatta N Suresh, Amudha Deivasigamani, Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan, Kam Man Hui, Gautam Sethi, Kwang Seok Ahn, Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.033\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal cancer that is often diagnosed at the advanced stages which limits the available therapeutic options. The interaction of HGF with c-MET (a receptor tyrosine kinase) results in the activation of c-MET which subsequently triggers the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Overexpression of c-MET in HCC tissues has been demonstrated to contribute to tumor progression and metastasis.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to synthesize triazole-indirubin conjugates, examine their growth suppressor efficacy in cell-based assays, and investigate the antitumor as well as antimetastatic activity of lead cytotoxic agent in the orthotopic mice model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A series of triazole-indirubin hybrids were synthesized and cytotoxicity, apoptogenic, and antimigratory effect of the lead compound (CRI9) was evaluated using MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, annexin-V/PI assay, TUNEL assay, and wound healing assay. The effect of CRI9 on the operation of the HGF/c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis was examined using western blotting and transfection experiments. Acute toxicity, antitumor, and antimetastatic activity of CRI9 were examined in NCr nude mice. The expression of c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR, CD31, and Ki-67 was examined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the new compounds, CRI9 consistently displayed potent cytotoxicity against HGF-induced HCC cells. CRI9 induced apoptosis as evidenced by increased sub G1 cells, annexin-V<sup>+</sup>/PI<sup>+</sup> cells, TUNEL<sup>+</sup> cells, and cleavage of procaspase-3 and PARP. CRI9 inhibited HGF-induced phosphorylation of c-MET<sup>Y1234/1235</sup> and subsequently suppressed the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Also, depletion of c-MET or inhibition of c-MET by CRI9 resulted in suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. CRI9 showed no toxic effects in NCr nude mice and displayed a potent antitumor and antimetastatic effect in the orthotopic HCC mice model. CRI9 also reduced the levels of phospho-c-MET, CD31, and Ki-67 and suppressed the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in tumor tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CRI9 has been identified as a new inhibitor of the c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in HCC preclinical models.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":94063,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of advanced research\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of advanced research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.033\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of advanced research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.033","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
A new 1,2,3-triazole-indirubin hybrid suppresses tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis by mitigating the HGF/c-MET axis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal cancer that is often diagnosed at the advanced stages which limits the available therapeutic options. The interaction of HGF with c-MET (a receptor tyrosine kinase) results in the activation of c-MET which subsequently triggers the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Overexpression of c-MET in HCC tissues has been demonstrated to contribute to tumor progression and metastasis.
Objectives: We aimed to synthesize triazole-indirubin conjugates, examine their growth suppressor efficacy in cell-based assays, and investigate the antitumor as well as antimetastatic activity of lead cytotoxic agent in the orthotopic mice model.
Methods: A series of triazole-indirubin hybrids were synthesized and cytotoxicity, apoptogenic, and antimigratory effect of the lead compound (CRI9) was evaluated using MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, annexin-V/PI assay, TUNEL assay, and wound healing assay. The effect of CRI9 on the operation of the HGF/c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis was examined using western blotting and transfection experiments. Acute toxicity, antitumor, and antimetastatic activity of CRI9 were examined in NCr nude mice. The expression of c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR, CD31, and Ki-67 was examined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting.
Results: Among the new compounds, CRI9 consistently displayed potent cytotoxicity against HGF-induced HCC cells. CRI9 induced apoptosis as evidenced by increased sub G1 cells, annexin-V+/PI+ cells, TUNEL+ cells, and cleavage of procaspase-3 and PARP. CRI9 inhibited HGF-induced phosphorylation of c-METY1234/1235 and subsequently suppressed the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Also, depletion of c-MET or inhibition of c-MET by CRI9 resulted in suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. CRI9 showed no toxic effects in NCr nude mice and displayed a potent antitumor and antimetastatic effect in the orthotopic HCC mice model. CRI9 also reduced the levels of phospho-c-MET, CD31, and Ki-67 and suppressed the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in tumor tissues.
Conclusion: CRI9 has been identified as a new inhibitor of the c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in HCC preclinical models.
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