Secondary Cutaneous Endometriosis of the Umbilicus in Tanzania: A Case Report.

Introduction: Endometriosis is characterised by endometrial tissue outside the endometrial cavity. The implantation sites may be pelvic or extrapelvic in nature. Umbilical endometriosis is a rare type of cutaneous endometriosis, accounting for 0.5-1% of extrapelvic endometriosis cases. Current literature on umbilical endometriosis is absent in the Tanzanian population.

Case report: A 30-year-old woman with prior caesarean deliveries presented with a 3-year history of umbilical swelling, cyclical pain, and menses-related bleeding. Examination revealed a firm brown umbilical lesion measuring 5×4 centimetres (cm). Wide excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed endometriosis and ruled out malignancy. The postoperative follow-up revealed no signs of recurrence.

Conclusions: This case report highlights the need for high clinical vigilance and comprehensive differential diagnosis, especially for recurring and cyclical abdominal symptoms. Despite resource limitations, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment can result in the successful management of this rare condition. The report emphasises the urgency for clinicians to boost awareness, promote research, and advocate for better resources to ensure optimal patient outcomes.