Silver Nanoparticles as Catalysts of Foeniculum vulgare L. Callus Formation and Its Content of Vitamins and some Fatty Acids.

Background: Plants are a precious resource of a wide range of secondary metabolites, that are benefitted as flavours, pharmaceuticals, colours, colognes, food additives and also biopesticides.

Objective: The current study tested the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Foeniculum vulgare.

Materials and methods: Foeniculum vulgare seeds were surface sterilized, Vital leaf pieces are grown on MS media including diverse mixtures of plant growth regulators, the special effects of AgNPs plus PGRs on callus propagation were evaluated, and separated compounds of fatty acid and vitamins were identified.

Results: Outcomes revealed that several intensities of AgNPs expressively influenced the callus propagation and significantly raised the callus biomass with combination including the plant growth regulators. Highest fresh (7.32 g.L^-1) biomass addition of callus was remarked on the media elevated in vitro at 20 ppm AgNPs combined with (2 mg.L^-1 2,4-D) and results noted that the callus appeared compact and greenish in colour with 40 ppm AgNPs in combination with (2 mg.L^-1 2,4-D). The results elucidated the amplification of the value of both fatty acids (stearic acid (47.85 %), oleic acid (189.28 %), Linoleic (6.34 %) and Linolenic (0.83 %)), and vitamins (Vitamin E (8.99 U.mg-1) and vitamin A (27.19 U.mg-1) by using MS + 2,4-D (2 mg.L^-1) + AgNPs (20ppm).

Conclusion: Application of a combination of AgNPs along with PGRs led to callus proliferation in Foeniculum vulgare L. In vitro. But, the unaccompanied use of AgNPs was originate inductive in the biosynthesis of greater quantities of special fatty acids and vitamin metabolites.