Outcomes Analysis of Patients Receiving Local Ablative Therapy for Oligoprogressive Metastatic NSCLC Under First-Line Immunotherapy.

Context: Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) treatment relies on first-line immunotherapy as single agent or combined with chemotherapy. Oligoprogression may be observed in this setting.

Material and method: We performed a European multicentric retrospective study on patients treated with first-line immunotherapy, who presented with oligoprogressive disease, treated with a local ablative treatment.

Results: A total of 61 patients were retrospectively included between 2018 and 2022. Twenty-four patients (39%) received immunotherapy as single agent, and 37 (61%) chemo-immunotherapy. First oligoprogression occurred more frequently in pre-existing metastatic sites (47% of patients). Median PFS1 (defined as time to first oligoprogression) was 11.5 months [IC95%: 10.0-12.3]. We observed that 37 patients (61%) progressed after first oligoprogression, and 20 (54%) from them presented second oligoprogression. Median OS for the whole cohort was 72.0 months [IC95%: 19.3-124.8], with positive correlation between OS and PFS1 (R=0.65, P < .0001). After loco-ablative treatment with radiotherapy, disease control rate was 89% with ablative radiotherapy: 88% with conventional radiotherapy, and 89% with stereotactic radiotherapy.

Conclusion: Patients with oligoprogression under/after immunotherapy have better prognosis with a high risk of subsequent oligoprogression.