Clara Bernard, Andréa Pin, Nathalie Hézard, Vincent Ernest, Céline Falaise, Camille Roze, Stephanie Simoncini, Romaric Lacroix, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange, Franck Peiretti
{"title":"血栓调节蛋白(p.Cys537Stop)通过一种不寻常的膜插入/泄漏机制从细胞中释放出来。","authors":"Clara Bernard, Andréa Pin, Nathalie Hézard, Vincent Ernest, Céline Falaise, Camille Roze, Stephanie Simoncini, Romaric Lacroix, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange, Franck Peiretti","doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2024013546","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The expression of thrombomodulin variant c.1611C>A (p.Cys537Stop) leads to the synthesis of a protein with no cytoplasmic tail and a transmembrane domain shortened by 3 amino acids (TM536). Little is known about the release mechanism and properties of TM536. Using umbilical vein endothelial cells and peripheral blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells from a heterozygous carrier of TM536 variant as well as overexpression cell models, we demonstrate that TM536 is released from cells by an unusual mechanism. First, TM536 is inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, then, due to the low hydrophobicity of its intramembrane domain, it escapes from it and follows the conventional secretory pathway to be released into the extracellular compartment without the involvement of proteolysis. This particular secretion mechanism yields a soluble TM536 that is poorly modified by chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan compared to conventionally secreted soluble forms of thrombomodulin, and therefore has a suboptimal capacity to mediate thrombin-dependent activation of protein C. We also show that TM536 cellular trafficking is altered, with retention in early secretory pathway and increased sensitivity to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. As expected, activation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation increases TM536 degradation and reduces its release. The expression of TM536 at the cell surface is low and its distribution in lipid raft-like membrane microdomains is altered, resulting in low thrombin-dependent PC activation on the cell surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":9228,"journal":{"name":"Blood advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Thrombomodulin (p.Cys537Stop) is released from cells by an unusual membrane insertion/leakage mechanism.\",\"authors\":\"Clara Bernard, Andréa Pin, Nathalie Hézard, Vincent Ernest, Céline Falaise, Camille Roze, Stephanie Simoncini, Romaric Lacroix, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange, Franck Peiretti\",\"doi\":\"10.1182/bloodadvances.2024013546\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The expression of thrombomodulin variant c.1611C>A (p.Cys537Stop) leads to the synthesis of a protein with no cytoplasmic tail and a transmembrane domain shortened by 3 amino acids (TM536). Little is known about the release mechanism and properties of TM536. Using umbilical vein endothelial cells and peripheral blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells from a heterozygous carrier of TM536 variant as well as overexpression cell models, we demonstrate that TM536 is released from cells by an unusual mechanism. First, TM536 is inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, then, due to the low hydrophobicity of its intramembrane domain, it escapes from it and follows the conventional secretory pathway to be released into the extracellular compartment without the involvement of proteolysis. This particular secretion mechanism yields a soluble TM536 that is poorly modified by chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan compared to conventionally secreted soluble forms of thrombomodulin, and therefore has a suboptimal capacity to mediate thrombin-dependent activation of protein C. We also show that TM536 cellular trafficking is altered, with retention in early secretory pathway and increased sensitivity to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. As expected, activation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation increases TM536 degradation and reduces its release. The expression of TM536 at the cell surface is low and its distribution in lipid raft-like membrane microdomains is altered, resulting in low thrombin-dependent PC activation on the cell surface.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9228,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Blood advances\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":7.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-29\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Blood advances\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2024013546\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"HEMATOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Blood advances","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2024013546","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HEMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Thrombomodulin (p.Cys537Stop) is released from cells by an unusual membrane insertion/leakage mechanism.
The expression of thrombomodulin variant c.1611C>A (p.Cys537Stop) leads to the synthesis of a protein with no cytoplasmic tail and a transmembrane domain shortened by 3 amino acids (TM536). Little is known about the release mechanism and properties of TM536. Using umbilical vein endothelial cells and peripheral blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells from a heterozygous carrier of TM536 variant as well as overexpression cell models, we demonstrate that TM536 is released from cells by an unusual mechanism. First, TM536 is inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, then, due to the low hydrophobicity of its intramembrane domain, it escapes from it and follows the conventional secretory pathway to be released into the extracellular compartment without the involvement of proteolysis. This particular secretion mechanism yields a soluble TM536 that is poorly modified by chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan compared to conventionally secreted soluble forms of thrombomodulin, and therefore has a suboptimal capacity to mediate thrombin-dependent activation of protein C. We also show that TM536 cellular trafficking is altered, with retention in early secretory pathway and increased sensitivity to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. As expected, activation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation increases TM536 degradation and reduces its release. The expression of TM536 at the cell surface is low and its distribution in lipid raft-like membrane microdomains is altered, resulting in low thrombin-dependent PC activation on the cell surface.
期刊介绍:
Blood Advances, a semimonthly medical journal published by the American Society of Hematology, marks the first addition to the Blood family in 70 years. This peer-reviewed, online-only, open-access journal was launched under the leadership of founding editor-in-chief Robert Negrin, MD, from Stanford University Medical Center in Stanford, CA, with its inaugural issue released on November 29, 2016.
Blood Advances serves as an international platform for original articles detailing basic laboratory, translational, and clinical investigations in hematology. The journal comprehensively covers all aspects of hematology, including disorders of leukocytes (both benign and malignant), erythrocytes, platelets, hemostatic mechanisms, vascular biology, immunology, and hematologic oncology. Each article undergoes a rigorous peer-review process, with selection based on the originality of the findings, the high quality of the work presented, and the clarity of the presentation.